Spieler D H, Balota D A, Faust M E
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996 Apr;22(2):461-79. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.22.2.461.
Components of the Stroop task were examined to investigate the role that inhibitory processes play in cognitive changes in healthy older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). Inhibitory breakdowns should result in an increase in Stroop interference. The results indicate that older adults show a disproportionate increase in interference compared with younger adults. DAT individuals show interference proportionate to older adults but a disproportionate increase in facilitation for congruent color-word trials, and an increased intrusion of word naming on incongruent color naming trials. An ex-Gaussian analysis of response time distributions indicated that the increased interference observed in older adults was due to an increase in the tail of the distribution. Application of the process dissociation analysis of the Stroop task (D.S. Lindsay & L.L. Jacoby, 1994) indicated that older adults showed increased word process estimates, whereas DAT individuals showed differences in both color and word process estimates. Taken together, the results are consistent with an inhibitory breakdown in normal aging and an accelerated breakdown in inhibition in DAT individuals.
对斯特鲁普任务的组成部分进行了研究，以探讨抑制过程在健康老年人和阿尔茨海默病型痴呆（DAT）患者认知变化中所起的作用。抑制功能的破坏应会导致斯特鲁普干扰增加。结果表明，与年轻人相比，老年人的干扰增加幅度不成比例。DAT患者的干扰与老年人相当，但在一致颜色-单词试验中促进作用的增加幅度不成比例，并且在不一致颜色命名试验中单词命名的侵入增加。对反应时间分布的高斯分析表明，老年人中观察到的干扰增加是由于分布尾部的增加。应用斯特鲁普任务的过程分离分析（D.S. 林赛和L.L. 雅各比，1994年）表明，老年人的单词加工估计增加，而DAT患者在颜色和单词加工估计上均存在差异。综合来看，这些结果与正常衰老中的抑制功能破坏以及DAT患者中抑制功能的加速破坏相一致。
