Lederman S J, Summers C, Klatzky R L
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Perception. 1996;25(8):983-98. doi: 10.1068/p250983.
The influence of modality-encoding bias on the relative importance ('cognitive salience') of object shape, size, and material, with the last determined by weight and thermal variations, was examined. Experiment 1 confirmed that for these stimulus objects all five properties were very accessible haptically, as measured by the time to identify the property level of each designated property; however, observers were still generally faster for geometric than material properties. In experiment 2, the influence of modality-encoding bias on cognitive salience was assessed by using a task involving free sorting by similarity. As predicted, modality-encoding bias strongly influenced cognitive salience. Observers favoured sorting by material under haptic- bias instructions, and three-dimensional geometric properties (especially shape) under visual-bias instructions. Videotaped hand movements indicated that modality-encoding biases reflect long-term knowledge of the relative speed and precision of manual exploration patterns, rather than exploration of the current set of objects.
研究了模态编码偏差对物体形状、大小和材质相对重要性（“认知显著性”）的影响，其中材质由重量和热变化决定。实验1证实，对于这些刺激物体，通过识别每个指定属性的属性水平所需的时间来衡量，所有五个属性在触觉上都非常容易获取；然而，观察者识别几何属性的速度通常仍比材质属性更快。在实验2中，通过使用一项涉及按相似性进行自由分类的任务，评估了模态编码偏差对认知显著性的影响。正如预测的那样，模态编码偏差强烈影响认知显著性。在触觉偏差指令下，观察者倾向于按材质分类；在视觉偏差指令下，观察者倾向于按三维几何属性（尤其是形状）分类。录像的手部动作表明，模态编码偏差反映了对手动探索模式的相对速度和精度的长期了解，而不是对当前一组物体的探索。
