Bates D W
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Drug Saf. 1996 Nov;15(5):303-10. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199615050-00001.
Medication errors are common in hospitals, but only about 1 in a 100 actually results in harm to the patient. Conversely, only about 30% of injuries due to drugs in hospitals are associated with a medication error, and are thus preventable. Nonetheless, drugs are used so frequently that the total number of preventable drug injuries that occur is substantial, and these injuries are costly. Changing the systems by which drugs are ordered and administered holds substantial potential for reducing the number of drug-related injuries. Computerised ordering systems, in which orders are written on-line by a physician and the physician can receive feedback on the suitability of the order during the process of making it, appear likely to have an especially large impact on reducing medication errors.
用药差错在医院很常见，但实际上每100次中只有约1次会对患者造成伤害。相反，医院中因药物导致的伤害只有约30%与用药差错有关，因此是可预防的。尽管如此，药物使用非常频繁，以至于发生的可预防药物伤害总数相当可观，而且这些伤害代价高昂。改变药物订购和给药的系统在减少与药物相关的伤害数量方面具有巨大潜力。计算机化订购系统，即医生在线开具医嘱，并且在开具过程中医生可以收到关于医嘱适宜性的反馈，似乎对减少用药差错可能会产生特别大的影响。
