Callahan H L, Portal I F, Bensinger S J, Grogl M
American Consulate-Rio de Janeiro, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Brazil.
Exp Parasitol. 1996 Dec;84(3):400-9. doi: 10.1006/expr.1996.0128.
Since in humans, skin temperature is lower than internal temperature, the temperature sensitivity of Leishmania may influence the tropism of Leishmania in the human host; temperature-sensitive parasites may remain in the skin, temperature-resistant parasites may go to the viscera. In order to pursue the genetic factors controlling Leishmania tropism, we have developed an in vitro promastigote temperature model. Promastigote growth is measured at 30, 32, and 34 degrees C and compared with growth at the control temperature (25 degrees C). The results from tests of the promastigote temperature sensitivity of eight species (33 different strains) show that visceral species (L. donovani and L. chagasi) are more temperature resistant than cutaneous species (L. major, L. tropica, L. mexicana, L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. amazonensis), that Old World species are more temperature-resistant than New World species, and that within the New World cutaneous species there are three distinct temperature sensitivity groupings (L. mexicana > L. braziliensis and L. panamensis > L. amazonensis). Interestingly, viscerotropic L. tropica from Operation Desert Storm and L. donovani complex strains isolated from cutaneous lesions are more and less temperature-sensitive, respectively, than strains of the same species with the expected tropism in vivo.
由于在人类中，皮肤温度低于体内温度，利什曼原虫的温度敏感性可能会影响其在人类宿主中的嗜性；温度敏感的寄生虫可能会留在皮肤中，而耐温的寄生虫可能会进入内脏。为了探究控制利什曼原虫嗜性的遗传因素，我们建立了一种体外前鞭毛体温度模型。在前鞭毛体在30、32和34摄氏度下生长，并与在对照温度（25摄氏度）下的生长情况进行比较。对8个物种（33个不同菌株）的前鞭毛体温度敏感性测试结果表明，内脏利什曼原虫物种（杜氏利什曼原虫和恰加斯利什曼原虫）比皮肤利什曼原虫物种（硕大利什曼原虫、热带利什曼原虫、墨西哥利什曼原虫、巴西利什曼原虫、巴拿马利什曼原虫和亚马逊利什曼原虫）更耐温，旧世界物种比新世界物种更耐温，并且在新世界皮肤利什曼原虫物种中有三个不同的温度敏感性分组（墨西哥利什曼原虫＞巴西利什曼原虫和巴拿马利什曼原虫＞亚马逊利什曼原虫）。有趣的是，来自沙漠风暴行动的嗜内脏热带利什曼原虫和从皮肤病变中分离出的杜氏利什曼原虫复合菌株，分别比在体内具有预期嗜性的同物种菌株对温度更不敏感和更敏感。
