Temple N J
Athabasca University, Alberta, Canada.
Biomed Pharmacother. 1996;50(6-7):261-8. doi: 10.1016/0753-3322(96)84823-2.
The prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) necessitates vigorous dietary intervention so as to lower the serum cholesterol level by at least 6%. Greater decreases in serum cholesterol can bring about reversal of atherosclerosis. The critical dietary change is the reduction in intake of saturated fat and cholesterol. Some of this fat may be replaced by unsaturated fats, especially monounsaturated fat (olive or canola oil). Fish and the omega-3 fats they contain may also be useful for the prevention of CHD. The benefits of omega-3 fats occur within a few months and probably involve an anti-thrombotic effect. There is evidence that the intake of trans-fatty acids formed by the hydrogenation of oils should be reduced as they are associated with CHD. Hypolipidaemic drugs may be useful for persons at very high risk of CHD but should generally be avoided for primary prevention.
冠心病（CHD）的防治需要积极的饮食干预，以便将血清胆固醇水平至少降低6%。血清胆固醇水平的更大幅度降低可促使动脉粥样硬化逆转。关键的饮食改变是减少饱和脂肪和胆固醇的摄入量。部分此类脂肪可用不饱和脂肪替代，尤其是单不饱和脂肪（橄榄油或菜籽油）。鱼类及其所含的ω-3脂肪酸可能对冠心病的预防也有益处。ω-3脂肪酸的益处会在几个月内显现，可能涉及抗血栓形成作用。有证据表明，应减少摄入由油脂氢化形成的反式脂肪酸，因为它们与冠心病有关。降血脂药物可能对冠心病极高风险人群有用，但一般应避免用于一级预防。
