August G J, Realmuto G M, MacDonald A W, Nugent S M, Crosby R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Oct;24(5):571-95. doi: 10.1007/BF01670101.
In the context of a school-based prevention of conduct disorder program, 7,231 first- through fourth-grade children were screened for cross-setting disruptive behavior. Frequencies of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders and patterns of comorbidity were assessed. We also examined the association of psychiatric diagnosis with child and parent characteristics to determine differential risk based on diagnostic subgroups. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) were the most frequent diagnoses. Mood and anxiety disorders were infrequent as single diagnoses. Patterns of comorbidity demonstrated that both externalizing and internalizing disorders commonly cooccurred with ADHD. More severe degrees of psychopathology and psychosocial risk accrued to the subgroup of youths with ADHD plus a comorbid externalizing disorder.
在一项基于学校的品行障碍预防项目中，对7231名一至四年级儿童进行了跨场景破坏性行为筛查。评估了DSM-III-R精神障碍的频率和共病模式。我们还研究了精神科诊断与儿童及家长特征之间的关联，以确定基于诊断亚组的差异风险。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和对立违抗障碍（ODD）是最常见的诊断。作为单一诊断的情绪和焦虑障碍并不常见。共病模式表明，外化障碍和内化障碍通常都与ADHD同时出现。患有ADHD并伴有共病外化障碍的青少年亚组出现了更严重程度的精神病理学和心理社会风险。
