Hockley W E, Cristi C
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 1996 Nov;24(6):796-811. doi: 10.3758/bf03201103.
The degree to which item and associative information can be distinguished at retrieval was assessed using a frequency-judgment task. Words were shown various numbers of times individually and as members of word pairs. At test, subjects judged the frequency of the word pairs and a word's frequency as an individual item, its frequency as a member of word pairs, or the combined frequency of the word. Subjects made all of these judgments with considerable accuracy. The frequency of presentations in the nontarget format had consistent, but small, effects on the judgments for the target frequencies. The results provide further support for the distinction between item and associative information and for the source-monitoring framework of Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay (1993), and they have important implications for global matching models of memory.
使用频率判断任务评估了在检索时项目信息和联想信息能够被区分的程度。单词分别以不同次数呈现，并且作为单词对的成员呈现。在测试中，受试者判断单词对的频率以及一个单词作为单个项目的频率、其作为单词对成员的频率或者该单词的组合频率。受试者做出所有这些判断时具有相当高的准确性。非目标格式的呈现频率对目标频率的判断有一致但较小的影响。这些结果为项目信息和联想信息之间的区分以及约翰逊、哈什特鲁迪和林赛（1993年）的源监测框架提供了进一步支持，并且它们对记忆的全局匹配模型具有重要意义。
