Farley G R
Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Dec;100(6):3794-812. doi: 10.1121/1.417218.
A simplified mathematical model of the larynx, based on biomechanical principles, is described. Components represented include cartilages (cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, and corniculates), muscles (thyroarytenoid [TA], cricothyroid pars rectus [CTR], cricothyroid pars oblique [CTO], posterior cricoarytenoid [PCA], lateral cricoarytenoid [LCA], and transverse arytenoid [TrA]), ligaments (cricoarytenoid [CAL], anterior cricothyroid [ACTL], posterior cricothyroid [PCTL], and vocal ligaments [VL]), and subglottal pressure (PS). Model outputs included equilibrium positions of cartilages, the glottal width, and the estimated fundamental frequency (F0) of vocal fold vibration. Major findings were that TA, CTR, CTO, and TrA all had substantial effects on F0: that PCA caused glottal opening by rotating the arytenoids laterally; that LCA both ventrolaterally translated and medially rotated the arytenoids, producing minimal effects on glottal closure; and that TrA had major effects on glottal closure by dorsomedially translating and medially rotating the arytenoids. The effects of LCA and PCA were generally diminished as activation of other muscles was increased. Muscle activation plots (MAPs) were used to study the effects of independent parametric variation of several muscles on F0 and glottal width. Both of these parameters were found to be under simultaneous control by TA, CTR, CTO, and TrA. LCA and PCA also had some influence on F0 and glottal width contours, but this appeared to be of limited functional significance, since changes in F0 tended to be offset by changes in glottal closure. Finally, the functional significance of rotation and subduction of the cricothyroid joint was examined. It was found that the combination of subduction with rotation provided greatest control and range of Fo as muscle activation was varied systematically. Strengths and limitations of the current model are discussed, future developments are suggested, and implications of model results as constraints for neural modeling efforts are described.
描述了一种基于生物力学原理的简化喉部数学模型。所表示的组成部分包括软骨（环状软骨、甲状软骨、杓状软骨和小角软骨）、肌肉（甲杓肌[TA]、环甲肌直部[CTR]、环甲肌斜部[CTO]、环杓后肌[PCA]、环杓侧肌[LCA]和杓横肌[TrA]）、韧带（环杓韧带[CAL]、环甲前韧带[ACTL]、环甲后韧带[PCTL]和声韧带[VL]）以及声门下压力（PS）。模型输出包括软骨的平衡位置、声门宽度以及声带振动的估计基频（F0）。主要发现为：TA、CTR、CTO和TrA对F0均有显著影响；PCA通过使杓状软骨向外旋转导致声门打开；LCA使杓状软骨向腹外侧平移并向内侧旋转，对声门关闭产生最小影响；而TrA通过使杓状软骨向背内侧平移并向内侧旋转对声门关闭有主要影响。随着其他肌肉激活增加，LCA和PCA的作用通常会减弱。肌肉激活图（MAPs）用于研究几种肌肉独立参数变化对F0和声门宽度的影响。发现这两个参数同时受TA、CTR、CTO和TrA控制。LCA和PCA对F0和声门宽度轮廓也有一些影响，但这似乎功能意义有限，因为F0的变化往往被声门关闭的变化所抵消。最后，研究了环甲关节旋转和下压的功能意义。发现当下压与旋转相结合时，随着肌肉激活系统变化，对F0的控制和范围最大。讨论了当前模型的优点和局限性，提出了未来的发展方向，并描述了模型结果作为神经建模工作约束条件的意义。
