Wildhaber J H, Devadason S G, Eber E, Hayden M J, Everard M L, Summers Q A, LeSouëf P N
Perth Medical Aerosol Research Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.
Thorax. 1996 Oct;51(10):985-8. doi: 10.1136/thx.51.10.985.
A study was undertaken to determine the influences of electrostatic charge, flow, delay, and multiple actuations on the in vitro delivery of salbutamol generated by a pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) from small volume spacers used in infants.
Ten actuations from a salbutamol pMDI were drawn at different flow rates after either single or multiple actuations, with or without delay, through either static or reduced static spacers. An ionic detergent was used to reduce the charge of plastic spacers (Babyhaler, Babyspacer, Aerochamber, Nebuhaler). Electrostatic charge was measured using an electrometer. A multistage liquid impinger was used to determine the particle size distribution of the output of the pMDI through the spacers.
Electrostatic charge on the surface of plastic spacers had the greatest influence on delivery, causing a decrease in drug delivery. Reducing charge by coating the surface with ionic detergent resulted in an increase of 46.5-71.1% (p < 0.001) in small (< 6.8 microns) particle delivery from small volume plastic spacers. Lower flow, delay, and multiple actuations resulted in decreased delivery from static spacers. Lower flow resulted in a decrease of 15% in small (< 9.6 microns) particle delivery. Delay and multiple actuations resulted in a decrease of 40.7% and 76.0%, respectively, in small (< 6.8 microns) particle delivery. The influences of lower flow, delay, and multiple actuations were greatly reduced or even eliminated by reducing charge. However, multiple actuations still resulted in a significant decreased delivery (p < 0.05). The reduced static Nebuhaler had a higher delivery than all small volume spacers.
Electrostatic charge has a major influence on the delivery of salbutamol from small volume spacers. Using a metal spacer or ionic detergent coating of plastic spacers resulted in no or reduced charge and hence in improved delivery. Lower flow, delay, and multiple actuations played a major part only in static spacers.
开展了一项研究，以确定静电荷、流速、延迟和多次启动对婴儿使用的小容量储雾罐中加压定量吸入器（pMDI）产生的沙丁胺醇体外递送的影响。
在单次或多次启动后，以不同流速从小容量储雾罐（静态或减少静电的储雾罐）中抽取沙丁胺醇pMDI的十次喷雾，有无延迟均可。使用离子型去污剂降低塑料储雾罐（婴儿雾化器、婴儿储雾罐、爱全乐储雾罐、雾化吸入器）的电荷。使用静电计测量静电荷。使用多级液体冲击器确定pMDI通过储雾罐输出的粒径分布。
塑料储雾罐表面的静电荷对递送影响最大，导致药物递送减少。用离子型去污剂涂覆表面以减少电荷，使小容量塑料储雾罐中小颗粒（<6.8微米）的递送增加了46.5%-71.1%（p<0.001）。较低的流速、延迟和多次启动导致静态储雾罐的递送减少。较低的流速使小颗粒（<9.6微米）的递送减少了15%。延迟和多次启动分别使小颗粒（<6.8微米）的递送减少了40.7%和76.0%。通过减少电荷，较低流速、延迟和多次启动的影响大大降低甚至消除。然而，多次启动仍导致递送显著减少（p<0.05）。减少静电的雾化吸入器的递送高于所有小容量储雾罐。
静电荷对小容量储雾罐中沙丁胺醇的递送有重大影响。使用金属储雾罐或对塑料储雾罐进行离子型去污剂涂层可减少或消除电荷，从而改善递送。较低的流速、延迟和多次启动仅在静态储雾罐中起主要作用。
