Jetten J, Spears R, Manstead A S
Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Dec;71(6):1222-33. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1222.
Manipulation of in-group and out-group norms of discrimination and fairness allowed for the operation of competing social identity principles concerning in-group bias, conformity, and group distinctiveness. The combined effects of these principles on in-group bias were first examined in a modified minimal-group setting (Study 1). Results demonstrated that participants' allocation strategies were in accord with the in-group norm. Furthermore, dissimilar norms resulted in greater use of positive differentiation allocation strategies. However, in natural groups (Study 2), more in-group bias was found when both group norms were similar and discriminatory. The results confirm the importance of in-group norms and demonstrate differences between experimental and natural groups in the applicability of competing social identity and self-categorization principles.
对群体内和群体外歧视与公平规范的操纵，使得关于群体内偏见、从众以及群体独特性的相互竞争的社会认同原则得以运作。这些原则对群体内偏见的综合影响首先在一个经过修改的最小群体情境中进行了检验（研究1）。结果表明，参与者的分配策略符合群体内规范。此外，不同的规范导致更多地使用积极区分分配策略。然而，在自然群体中（研究2），当两个群体规范相似且具有歧视性时，发现了更多的群体内偏见。这些结果证实了群体内规范的重要性，并表明在相互竞争的社会认同和自我分类原则的适用性方面，实验群体和自然群体之间存在差异。
