Vázquez C, de Cos A I, Martínez P, Jaunsolo M A, Román E, Gómez C, López T, Hernáez I, Seijas V, Ramos V, Cilleruelo M L, Sarrión D, García J J, López Nomdedeu C
Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid.
Rev Clin Esp. 1996 Aug;196(8):501-8.
The objective of the present work was to know the consume of foodstuffs and nutrients among schoolchildren in the Madrid Autonomous Community and also the relative contribution of each group of foodstuffs to the overall intake of macronutrients. This study had a sectional observational design involving 2,608 children (51% males and 49% females) with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years who were randomly recruited from conglomerate of schools, according to socio-economic status and rural/urban residence. The inquiry on nutrients in 4 non consecutive days was analyzed (2 "24 hour-recall" and 2 "intake recall").
a) the consume of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates represented 17%, 43% and 40% of the total caloric value, respectively; b) the intake of meats, sausages, sweets, tidbits, and processed products was very high. This fact is in origin of the excessive total and saturated lipid intake; c) there was a scarce intake of vegetables, cereals and potatoes among children of all ages and dairy products in children older than 12 years; d) the intake of legumes, eggs and fruits was appropriate; e) males consumed proportionally higher amounts than females of the following groups of foodstuffs: cereals, sweets and tidbits. The consume of meat, sausages, fish, eggs, potatoes, dry fruits and dairy products was similar in both sexes. Females consumed proportionally more fat foodstuffs, vegetables, fruits, legumes and processed products; f) females consumed a diet with a still higher lipid and protein content than males. These findings can serve as a basis to develop educational guidelines with a practical impact on family and school menus.
本研究的目的是了解马德里自治区学童的食品和营养素消费情况，以及各类食品对宏量营养素总摄入量的相对贡献。本研究采用横断面观察设计，从学校群体中随机招募了2608名儿童（51%为男性，49%为女性），年龄在6至14岁之间，根据社会经济地位和农村/城市居住情况进行分层。对4个非连续日的营养素摄入情况进行了分析（2次“24小时回顾”和2次“摄入量回顾”）。
a）蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物的消费量分别占总热量值的17%、43%和40%；b）肉类、香肠、糖果、小吃和加工食品的摄入量非常高。这是总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量过高的原因；c）各年龄段儿童蔬菜、谷物和土豆的摄入量较少，12岁以上儿童乳制品摄入量较少；d）豆类、鸡蛋和水果的摄入量适宜；e）男性在以下几类食品中的消费量比女性成比例地高：谷物、糖果和小吃。肉类、香肠、鱼类、鸡蛋、土豆、干果和乳制品的消费量在男女之间相似。女性成比例地消费更多的高脂肪食品、蔬菜、水果、豆类和加工食品；f）女性饮食中的脂质和蛋白质含量仍然高于男性。这些发现可作为制定对家庭和学校菜单具有实际影响的教育指南的基础。
