Ho S Y, Mittal G S
School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 1996;16(4):349-62. doi: 10.3109/07388559609147426.
The study of the electroporation on biomembranes has become one of the most exciting topics in the biophysical and biotechnological areas. Researchers all over the world have been focused on four major areas: measurements of transmembrane potential (TMP); dynamics of electroporation such as time sequence, properties of electropores such as size, structure, and population; membrane permeabilization and breakdown theory; and the effects of secondary factors such as ions type and cell growth stage on electroporation. This article reviews some of the recent discoveries and theories on this subject. Studies on TMP and pore dynamics remain a difficult task. Since the area of electroporation on a biomembrane is small (less than 0.1% of total surface area) and the time sequence of electropores is in the submicrosecond range measuring devices with subtle detection and time resolution are required. While more and more studies have shown the formation sequence of electropore(s) at specific locations on various biomembranes, the pore(s) widening process and the subsequent membrane breakdown mechanisms remain controversial. The influence of electromechanical stress or transmembrane potential on membrane discharge and rupture seems to be a function of various factors such as membrane properties, external medium, and the protocols of electroporators.
生物膜电穿孔研究已成为生物物理和生物技术领域最热门的话题之一。全世界的研究人员都聚焦在四个主要领域：跨膜电位（TMP）的测量；电穿孔动力学，如时间序列，电穿孔的特性，如大小、结构和数量；膜通透性和击穿理论；以及诸如离子类型和细胞生长阶段等次要因素对电穿孔的影响。本文综述了该领域一些最新的发现和理论。对TMP和孔动力学的研究仍然是一项艰巨的任务。由于生物膜上电穿孔的区域很小（小于总表面积的0.1%），且电穿孔的时间序列处于亚微秒范围内，因此需要具有精细检测和时间分辨率的测量设备。虽然越来越多的研究表明了各种生物膜上特定位置电穿孔的形成顺序，但孔的扩大过程及随后的膜击穿机制仍存在争议。机电应力或跨膜电位对膜放电和破裂的影响似乎是多种因素的函数，如膜特性、外部介质和电穿孔仪的参数设置。
