Karmel B Z, Gardner J M, Freedland R L
New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island 10314, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 1996 Dec;21(6):821-32. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/21.6.821.
CNS-compromised neonates are poor modulators tending to prefer less stimulation in all arousal conditions. Cocaine-exposed neonates also are poor modulators but tend to prefer more stimulation in all arousal conditions. Infants (N = 359, M = 4 months) were divided into 6 CNS injury groups and 1 cocaine-exposed, non-CNS-injured group and tested in three arousal conditions: less aroused (after feeding), more around-endogenous (before feeding), and more aroused-exogenous (after feeding with additional stimulation prior to each trial). Infants with CNS injuries still showed some degree of influence of arousal on attention that was now similar to that seen in normal neonates and 1-month-olds, while cocaine-exposed infants, 4-month-old normal and mild or moderate CNS-injury infants did not.
中枢神经系统受损的新生儿调节能力较差，在所有唤醒状态下往往更喜欢较少的刺激。暴露于可卡因的新生儿调节能力也较差，但在所有唤醒状态下往往更喜欢更多的刺激。婴儿（N = 359，平均年龄4个月）被分为6个中枢神经系统损伤组和1个暴露于可卡因但未发生中枢神经系统损伤的组，并在三种唤醒状态下进行测试：唤醒程度较低（喂食后）、接近内源性唤醒程度较高（喂食前）和外源性唤醒程度较高（每次试验前喂食并给予额外刺激后）。中枢神经系统损伤的婴儿仍表现出唤醒对注意力有一定程度的影响，这种影响现在类似于正常新生儿和1个月大婴儿的情况，而暴露于可卡因的婴儿、4个月大的正常婴儿以及轻度或中度中枢神经系统损伤的婴儿则没有。
