Mirmiran M, Lunshof S
Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Department of Neonatology and Obstetrical Gynecology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Prog Brain Res. 1996;111:217-26. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60410-0.
The early development of circadian rhythms in primates, including man, was reviewed. Continuous 24-h recordings were carried out for maternal and fetal circadian rhythms during gestation as well as in preterm infants. Several propositions were made based on these new findings: 1. The fetal biological clock is an endogenous clock capable of generating circadian rhythms and responding to maternal entraining signals long before the moment of birth. 2. Through the fetal biological clock, maternal circadian rhythms influence the fetal overt rhythms. 3. Maternal rhythms influence the fetus, and fetal rhythms feed back to the mother (via the placenta). Disruption of this fetal-maternal interaction during gestation leads to: a. disturbances of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms; b. disappearance of circadian rhythms at the time of birth; c. a gestational period which is either too short or too long (see also Honnebier and Swaab, 1973); d. delayed or impaired maturation of the circadian rhythms of the infant.
本文综述了包括人类在内的灵长类动物昼夜节律的早期发育情况。在孕期对母体和胎儿的昼夜节律以及早产儿进行了连续24小时的记录。基于这些新发现提出了几个观点：1. 胎儿生物钟是一种内源性时钟，早在出生前就能产生昼夜节律并对母体的同步信号做出反应。2. 通过胎儿生物钟，母体昼夜节律影响胎儿的显性节律。3. 母体节律影响胎儿，胎儿节律（通过胎盘）反馈给母亲。孕期这种母婴相互作用的中断会导致：a. 母体和胎儿昼夜节律紊乱；b. 出生时昼夜节律消失；c. 孕期过短或过长（另见Honnebier和Swaab，1973年）；d. 婴儿昼夜节律成熟延迟或受损。
