Donato F, Monarca S, Coppini C, Olivetti A, Zanardini A, Tomasoni V, Nardi G
Cattedra di Igiene, Università di Brescia.
Epidemiol Prev. 1996 Jan-Mar;20(1):24-30.
The effectiveness of a health education programme for prevention of alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking among adolescents was assessed by an intervention study with a non-randomized control group. The study was carried out among 7th-9th grade school students in a Local Health Unit of the Brescia province, North Italy. Students were enrolled in either the intervention or the control group, based on the participation of their teachers to the educational programme. A total of 428 students were involved in the programme representing the intervention group, and 658 students not involved in the programme formed the control group. The health education programme included the prevention of alcohol abuse in the first school year (1989-90) and the prevention of tobacco smoking in the second year (1990-91). Each part of the programme included a series of lessons taken by the teachers for about 20 hours. Alcohol use and smoking habits, knowledge about, and attitudes toward alcohol and tobacco use of the students have been assessed by anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires have been administered during school time at the beginning and the end of each school year, giving a total of 6 questionnaires, from Q1 to Q6. All the questionnaires included the same questions on alcohol and tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes. Of the 1086 students who attended the 7th grade in the year 1989-90, 428 were enrolled as intervention group and 658 as control group. As regards alcohol, the following findings were observed: 1. no difference was found in the percentages of students drinking at least one glass of wine or beer daily between the 2 groups at Q6; 2. no substantial change in the percentage of students aware of the health risks of alcohol abuse from Q1 to Q6 was observed. As regards tobacco smoking, the results of the study showed: 1. no difference between the 2 groups was found at Q6 as regards the proportion of students who smoked one or more cigarettes a month; 2. the percentages of students planning to smoke in the future were similar in the 2 groups in Q6; 3.the percentage of students with a high score on the health consequences of smoking was higher in the intervention than the control group at Q4, but again no difference between the groups was evident at Q6. In conclusion, the health education programme seemed to be unsuccessful in modifying behaviors and attitudes regarding alcohol and tobacco use during the 3-year follow-up.
通过一项针对非随机对照组的干预研究，评估了一项预防青少年酗酒和吸烟的健康教育计划的效果。该研究在意大利北部布雷西亚省一个地方卫生单位的七年级至九年级学生中开展。根据教师对教育计划的参与情况，学生被纳入干预组或对照组。共有428名参与该计划的学生组成了干预组，658名未参与该计划的学生组成了对照组。健康教育计划在第一个学年（1989 - 1990年）包括预防酗酒，在第二个学年（1990 - 1991年）包括预防吸烟。该计划的每个部分都包括教师授课的一系列课程，时长约20小时。通过匿名问卷对学生的饮酒和吸烟习惯、对酒精和烟草使用的知识及态度进行了评估。问卷在每个学年开始和结束时的上课时间发放，共发放6份问卷，从Q1到Q6。所有问卷都包含关于酒精和烟草使用、知识及态度的相同问题。在1989 - 1990年进入七年级的1086名学生中，428名被纳入干预组，658名被纳入对照组。关于酒精，观察到以下结果：1. 在Q6时，两组中每天至少喝一杯葡萄酒或啤酒的学生百分比没有差异；2. 从Q1到Q6，意识到酗酒健康风险的学生百分比没有显著变化。关于吸烟，研究结果显示：1. 在Q6时，两组中每月吸一支或多支香烟的学生比例没有差异；2. 在Q6时，两组中计划未来吸烟的学生百分比相似；3. 在Q4时，干预组中对吸烟健康后果评分高的学生百分比高于对照组，但在Q6时两组之间再次没有明显差异。总之，在3年的随访期间，健康教育计划在改变关于酒精和烟草使用的行为及态度方面似乎并不成功。
