Weiler J M
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 1996 Nov-Dec;17(6):315-25. doi: 10.2500/108854196778606437.
Exercise-induced asthma is defined as an intermittent narrowing of the airways, demonstrated by a decrease in some measure of flow, that the patient experiences as wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, and difficulty breathing that is triggered by exercise. Exercise will trigger asthma in most individuals who have chronic asthma, as well as in some who do not otherwise have asthma. Definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of a drop in flow rate, typically > or = 13-15% for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and > or = 15-20% for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), after exercise, associated with symptoms. Prevalence data indicate that this disorder is very common in those who participate in recreational sports as well as in highly competitive athletes, with at least 12-15% of unselected athletes having positive exercise challenges. Treatment of exercise induced asthma involves use of nonpharmacological measures (such as the use of the refractory period after exercise and prewarming air) as well as use of medications (beta-agonists, cromolyn, and nedocromil). With treatment, those who suffer from exercise-induced asthma may be able to participate and compete at the highest levels of performance.
运动诱发性哮喘被定义为气道的间歇性狭窄，表现为某种流量指标下降，患者会经历喘息、胸闷、咳嗽以及由运动引发的呼吸困难。运动可诱发大多数慢性哮喘患者以及一些原本无哮喘的人的哮喘发作。明确诊断需要证明运动后流速下降，通常一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）下降≥13 - 15%，呼气峰值流速（PEFR）下降≥15 - 20%，且伴有相关症状。患病率数据表明，这种疾病在参加休闲运动的人群以及竞技性很强的运动员中非常常见，至少12 - 15%未经筛选的运动员运动激发试验呈阳性。运动诱发性哮喘的治疗包括采用非药物措施（如利用运动后的不应期和预暖空气）以及使用药物（β受体激动剂、色甘酸钠和奈多罗米）。通过治疗，运动诱发性哮喘患者或许能够在最高水平的赛事中参与和竞争。
