Muscat J E, Stellman S D, Hoffmann D, Wynder E L
Division of Epidemiology, American Health Foundation, New York, NY 10017, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jan;6(1):15-9.
Most studies of smoking and pancreatic cancer have used male subjects or combined men and women together in statistical analyses. There is little information on the relative risk of smoking and pancreatic cancer in women. Because of the high case-fatality rate, many of these studies were also based on information gathered from proxy respondents, in which smoking habits may not be recalled with certainty. A hospital-based study of 484 male and female patients with pancreatic cancer and 954 control subjects was conducted based on direct interviews of incident cases. Compared to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for current cigarette smokers was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.4] for men and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.5) for women. In women, but not in men, there was a trend in the ORs with years of daily cigarette consumption (P < 0.01). Filter cigarettes offered no protective advantage compared to nonfilter cigarettes. Among men, the OR was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.8) for pipe/ cigar smokers and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.0-12.8) for tobacco chewers. Tobacco smoke causes pancreatic cancer when inhaled into the lungs. Tobacco juice may also cause pancreatic cancer when ingested or absorbed through the oral cavity. These data suggest that smoking is a cause of pancreatic cancer in women and that the risks for female smokers are comparable to male smokers. Nevertheless, the causes of most pancreatic cancers are unknown.
大多数关于吸烟与胰腺癌的研究使用的是男性受试者，或者在统计分析中将男性和女性合并在一起。关于女性吸烟与胰腺癌的相对风险的信息很少。由于胰腺癌的高病死率，许多此类研究也是基于从替代受访者那里收集到的信息，而这些人的吸烟习惯可能无法准确回忆。一项基于医院的研究对484例男性和女性胰腺癌患者以及954名对照受试者进行了调查，该研究基于对新发病例的直接访谈。与从不吸烟者相比，男性当前吸烟者的比值比（OR）为1.6[95%置信区间（CI），1.1 - 2.4]，女性为2.3（95%CI，1.4 - 3.5）。在女性中，而非男性中，OR值随每日吸烟年限有上升趋势（P < 0.01）。过滤嘴香烟与非过滤嘴香烟相比没有保护优势。在男性中，吸烟斗/雪茄者的OR为2.1（95%CI，1.2 - 3.8），嚼烟草者的OR为3.6（95%CI，1.0 - 12.8）。烟草烟雾吸入肺部时会导致胰腺癌。烟草汁通过口腔摄入或吸收时也可能导致胰腺癌。这些数据表明吸烟是女性患胰腺癌的一个原因，而且女性吸烟者的风险与男性吸烟者相当。然而，大多数胰腺癌的病因尚不清楚。
