Deshapriya E B, Iwase N
Department of Sociology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Accid Anal Prev. 1996 Nov;28(6):721-31. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(96)00047-4.
In 1970 and 1978, a set of strict new countermeasures against drunk driving went in to effect in Japan. Analysis of official statistics of motor vehicle fatality data have indicated that alcohol involvement in fatal crashes has declined substantially in Japan since 1970. From the beginning of 1970 to the late 1980s and 1990s, public awareness of and tolerance for the problem of alcohol-impaired driving changed dramatically, as shown in this study. Further it seems that attitudes in Japan on drink driving have improved over the last 20 years or so, instep with a major program of government action. As well as being part of a long running campaign to reduce alcohol related road deaths and injuries, these accident savings are an important part of a national strategy which began in 1970, comprising a well structured legislative program introducing a lower legal limit, progressive penalties for those above the legal limit, over and above Police enforcement strategies underpinning the law and reinforcing the publicity massage. Enactment of the lower legal blood alcohol level with a combination of other severe sanctions is desirable for prevention of alcohol-related traffic casualties, DWI, and accidents, which is shown in this study. Finally, much of the current reduction in alcohol-related fatalities and morbidity reflects that Japanese society has largely endorsed alcohol impaired driving as a socially undesirable behavior. However, this study suggests that it is necessary for policy makers to understand that the DUI problem in Japan must be handled with diverse approaches, rather than relying exclusively on the deterrence based laws.
1970年和1978年,日本实施了一系列针对酒后驾车的严格新对策。对机动车死亡数据官方统计的分析表明,自1970年以来,日本致命撞车事故中涉及酒精的情况已大幅下降。本研究表明,从1970年初到20世纪80年代末和90年代,公众对酒后驾车问题的认识和容忍度发生了巨大变化。此外,在过去20年左右的时间里,日本对酒后驾车的态度似乎有所改善,这与政府的一项重大行动纲领同步。除了作为减少与酒精相关的道路死亡和伤害的长期运动的一部分外,这些事故减少量也是始于1970年的一项国家战略的重要组成部分,该战略包括一个结构完善的立法计划,引入了更低的法定限值,对超过法定限值的人实施累进处罚,以及警方执行法律并加强宣传信息的战略。本研究表明,制定更低的法定血液酒精含量并结合其他严厉制裁措施,对于预防与酒精相关的交通伤亡、酒后驾车和事故是可取的。最后,目前与酒精相关的死亡和发病率的大幅下降很大程度上反映出日本社会在很大程度上已认可酒后驾车是一种社会不良行为。然而,本研究表明,政策制定者有必要认识到,日本的酒后驾车问题必须采用多种方法来处理,而不是仅仅依赖基于威慑的法律。