Averhoff F M, Williams W W, Hadler S C
Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1997 Jan;55(1):159-67.
This report concerning the immunization of adolescents (i.e., persons 11 to 21 years of age, as defined by the American Medical Association [AMA] and the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]) is a supplement to previous publications (i.e., MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-1]1-38; the AAP 1994 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases; Summary of Policy Recommendations for Periodic Health Examination, August 1996 from the American Academy of Family Physicians; and AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services: Recommendations and Rationale). This report presents a new strategy to improve the delivery of vaccination services to adolescents and to integrate recommendations for vaccination with other preventive services provided to adolescents. This new strategy emphasizes vaccination of adolescents 11 to 12 years of age by establishing a routine visit to their health care providers. Specifically, the purposes of this visit are to (1) vaccinate adolescents who have not been previously vaccinated with varicella virus vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, or the second dose of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine; (2) provide a booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids; (3) administer other vaccines that may be recommended for certain adolescents, and (4) provide other recommended preventive services. The recommendations for vaccination of adolescents are based on new or current information for each vaccine.
本报告是关于青少年免疫接种（即美国医学协会[AMA]和美国儿科学会[AAP]所定义的11至21岁人群）的内容，是之前出版物（即《发病率与死亡率周报》1994年；43[第RR - 1号]1 - 38页；《美国儿科学会1994年红皮书：传染病委员会报告》；1996年8月美国家庭医师学会《定期健康检查政策建议摘要》；以及《美国医学协会青少年预防服务指南：建议与依据》）的补充。本报告提出了一项新策略，以改善青少年疫苗接种服务的提供，并将疫苗接种建议与提供给青少年的其他预防服务相结合。这项新策略通过为11至12岁青少年安排定期就诊，强调对他们进行疫苗接种。具体而言，此次就诊的目的是：（1）为之前未接种过水痘病毒疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗或麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗第二剂的青少年接种疫苗；（2）提供破伤风和白喉类毒素加强剂；（3）为某些青少年接种其他可能推荐的疫苗；以及（4）提供其他推荐的预防服务。青少年疫苗接种建议基于每种疫苗的新信息或现有信息。
