Collet C, Vernet-Maury E, Delhomme G, Dittmar A
Laboratoire de Physiologie Neurosensorielle, C.N.R.S., U.R.A. 180, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997 Jan 12;62(1-2):45-57. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1838(96)00108-7.
The aim of this study was to test the assumption that the autonomic nervous system responses to emotional stimuli are specific. A series of six slides was randomly presented to the subjects while six autonomic nervous system (ANS) parameters were recorded: skin conductance, skin potential, skin resistance, skin blood flow, skin temperature and instantaneous respiratory frequency. Each slide induced a basic emotion: happiness, surprise, anger, fear, sadness and disgust. Results have been first considered with reference to electrodermal responses (EDR) and secondly through thermo-vascular and respiratory variations. Classical as well as original indices were used to quantify autonomic responses. The six basic emotions were distinguished by Friedman variance analysis. Thus, ANS values corresponding to each emotion were compared two-by-two. EDR distinguished 13 emotion-pairs out of 15. 10 emotion-pairs were separated by skin resistance as well as skin conductance ohmic perturbation duration indices whereas conductance amplitude was only capable of distinguishing 7 emotion-pairs. Skin potential responses distinguished surprise and fear from sadness, and fear from disgust, according to their elementary pattern analysis in form and sign. Two-by-two comparisons of skin temperature, skin blood flow (estimated by the new non-oscillary duration index) and instantaneous respiratory frequency, enabled the distinction of 14 emotion-pairs out of 15. 9 emotion-pairs were distinguished by the non-oscillatory duration index values. Skin temperature was demonstrated to be different i.e. positive versus negative in response to anger and fear. The instantaneous respiratory frequency perturbation duration index was the only one capable of separating sadness from disgust. From the six ANS parameters study, different autonomic patterns were identified, each characterizing one of the six basic emotion used as inducing signals. No index alone, nor group of parameters (EDR and thermovascular for instance) were capable of distinguishing each emotion from another. However, electrodermal, thermo-vascular and respiratory responses taken as a whole, redundantly separated each emotion thus demonstrating the specificity of autonomic patterns.
本研究的目的是检验自主神经系统对情绪刺激的反应具有特异性这一假设。向受试者随机呈现一系列六张幻灯片，同时记录六个自主神经系统（ANS）参数：皮肤电导率、皮肤电位、皮肤电阻、皮肤血流量、皮肤温度和瞬时呼吸频率。每张幻灯片诱发一种基本情绪：快乐、惊讶、愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和厌恶。结果首先参照皮肤电反应（EDR）进行考量，其次通过热血管和呼吸变化进行分析。使用经典指标以及原始指标来量化自主反应。通过弗里德曼方差分析区分六种基本情绪。因此，将对应于每种情绪的ANS值两两进行比较。EDR在15对情绪中区分出13对。皮肤电阻以及皮肤电导欧姆扰动持续时间指标将10对情绪区分开来，而电导幅度仅能区分7对情绪。根据皮肤电位反应在形式和符号上的基本模式分析，惊讶和恐惧与悲伤区分开来，恐惧与厌恶区分开来。皮肤温度、皮肤血流量（通过新的非振荡持续时间指标估算）和瞬时呼吸频率的两两比较，在15对情绪中区分出14对。9对情绪通过非振荡持续时间指标值区分开来。结果表明，皮肤温度在对愤怒和恐惧的反应中存在差异，即呈正向与负向不同。瞬时呼吸频率扰动持续时间指标是唯一能够将悲伤与厌恶区分开的指标。通过对六个ANS参数的研究，识别出了不同的自主模式，每种模式表征用作诱发信号的六种基本情绪之一。没有任何一个单独的指标，也没有任何一组参数（例如EDR和热血管参数）能够将每种情绪彼此区分开来。然而，将皮肤电、热血管和呼吸反应作为一个整体来看，它们冗余地区分了每种情绪，从而证明了自主模式的特异性。
