Golinko Vasyl, Cheberyachko Serhiy, Deryugin Oleg, Tretyak Olena, Dusmatova Olga
Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine.
Saf Health Work. 2020 Dec;11(4):543-549. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.005. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
The working conditions of bus drivers are difficult; they lead to occupational diseases and require careful study, particularly in Ukraine. The objective of the article is the description of occupational health risks of passenger bus drivers that lead to deteriorating health.
The risk assessment was performed using a modified Risk Score method, which allowed determining the generalized level of danger to the driver's health. The hygienic hazards level was assessed as based on Stevenson's law, which was generalized later.
Based on the modification of the Risk Score method, it was possible to depart from expert assessments method of the risk level and calculate the general indicator based on the degree of dependence of the impact on the human body on its intensity, proposed by V. Minko. This allows objective determining of the impact of hygiene hazards on the health of the driver and to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and partial or complete disability due to the accumulation of emotional fatigue. The hazard assessment was carried out for three brands of passenger buses common in Ukraine, in which the driver is exposed to the dangers of fever, vibration, noise, harmful impurities in the bus cabin, and emotional load.
The health of drivers in the cabins of passenger buses is most affected by hygiene hazards: fever, vibration, and emotional stress. The generalized level of risk is calculated by the modified method of Risk Score is 0.83; -0.99, -0.92 respectively.
公交车司机的工作条件艰苦，会引发职业病，需要仔细研究，尤其是在乌克兰。本文的目的是描述导致公交车司机健康恶化的职业健康风险。
采用改良的风险评分法进行风险评估，该方法能够确定对司机健康的总体危险程度。卫生危害水平是根据史蒂文森定律进行评估的，该定律后来得到了推广。
基于风险评分法的改进，可以摒弃风险水平的专家评估方法，根据V. 明科提出的人体所受影响程度与其强度的依赖程度来计算总体指标。这使得能够客观地确定卫生危害对司机健康的影响，并预测与心血管系统、肌肉骨骼系统相关的职业病的发生，以及因情绪疲劳积累导致的部分或完全残疾。对乌克兰常见的三种品牌的客车进行了危害评估，在这些客车中，司机面临发热、振动、噪音、车厢内有害杂质以及情绪负荷等危险。
客车车厢内司机的健康受卫生危害影响最大：发热、振动和情绪压力。采用改良的风险评分法计算出的总体风险水平分别为0.83、-0.99、-0.92。
