McCarron D A
Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Clinical Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;65(2 Suppl):712S-716S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.2.712S.
During the past decade, a credible body of evidence has emerged supporting the concept that maintaining an adequate dietary mineral intake, specifically of calcium, magnesium, and potassium, protects against high blood pressure in humans. Observational and interventional studies in humans and extensive use of laboratory models showed that a significant portion of blood pressure variability in response to sodium chloride can be linked to the adequacy of the mineral content of the diet. This review summarizes the observational data from several large databases showing that when adults meet or exceed the recommended dietary allowances of calcium, potassium, and magnesium, the simultaneous ingestion of a diet high in sodium chloride is not associated with elevated arterial pressure. In fact, a higher sodium chloride intake in these adults is most likely associated with the lowest blood pressure in the society. This interaction between adequacy of mineral intake and protection against salt sensitivity in humans provides an important opportunity for further improving blood pressure control in our society. Educating individuals to maintain, on a daily basis, adequate intakes of calcium, potassium, and magnesium rather than limit their sodium chloride is a viable health recommendation that individuals can implement to reduce their risk of sodium chloride-induced hypertension.
在过去十年中，出现了一批可靠的证据，支持这样一种观念：保持充足的膳食矿物质摄入，特别是钙、镁和钾的摄入，可预防人类患高血压。对人类进行的观察性和干预性研究以及对实验室模型的广泛应用表明，因氯化钠导致的很大一部分血压变化可与饮食中矿物质含量是否充足联系起来。本综述总结了来自几个大型数据库的观察性数据，这些数据表明，当成年人达到或超过钙、钾和镁的膳食推荐摄入量时，同时摄入高氯化钠饮食与动脉血压升高无关。事实上，这些成年人中较高的氯化钠摄入量很可能与该群体中最低的血压相关。矿物质摄入充足与人类预防盐敏感性之间的这种相互作用为进一步改善我们社会中的血压控制提供了一个重要契机。教育个人每天保持充足的钙、钾和镁摄入量，而不是限制他们的氯化钠摄入量，是一项可行的健康建议，个人可以通过实施该建议来降低因氯化钠导致高血压的风险。
