Bu So-Young, Kang Myung-Hwa, Kim Eun-Jin, Choi Mi-Kyeong
Division of Food Science, Kyungil University, Gyeongbuk 712-701, Korea.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Chungnam 336-795, Korea.
Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2012 Jun;17(2):93-100. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.2.093.
The purpose of this study was to identify food sources for major minerals such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of these minerals and serum lipids in healthy Korean adults. A total of 132 healthy men and women completed a physical examination and dietary record and provided blood samples for lipid profile analysis. Results showed the following daily average mineral intakes: 373.4 mg of calcium, 806.0 mg of phosphorous, 3685.8 mg of sodium, and 1938.3 mg of potassium. The calcium-to-phosphorus and sodium-to-potassium ratio was about 0.5 and 2.0, respectively. The primary sources for each mineral were: vegetables (24.9%) and fishes (19.0%) for calcium, grains (31.4%) for phosphorus, seasonings (41.6%) and vegetables (27.0%) for sodium, and vegetables (30.6%) and grains (18.5%) for potassium. The correlation analysis, which has been adjusted for age, gender, total food consumption, and energy intake, showed significantly positive correlations between Ca/P and serum HDL cholesterol levels, between Na intake and the level of serum total cholesterol, and between Na/K and the level of serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Our data indicates that the level of mineral consumption partially contributes to serum lipid profiles and that a diet consisting of a low Ca/P ratio and a high Na/K ratio may have negative impacts on lipid metabolism.
本研究旨在确定钙（Ca）、磷（P）、钠（Na）和钾（K）等主要矿物质的食物来源，并评估这些矿物质的膳食摄入量与健康韩国成年人血脂之间的关系。共有132名健康男性和女性完成了体格检查和饮食记录，并提供了血液样本用于血脂谱分析。结果显示每日平均矿物质摄入量如下：钙373.4毫克、磷806.0毫克、钠3685.8毫克、钾1938.3毫克。钙磷比和钠钾比分别约为0.5和2.0。每种矿物质的主要来源分别为：钙的主要来源是蔬菜（24.9%）和鱼类（19.0%），磷的主要来源是谷物（31.4%），钠的主要来源是调味料（41.6%）和蔬菜（27.0%），钾的主要来源是蔬菜（30.6%）和谷物（18.5%）。在对年龄、性别、食物总摄入量和能量摄入进行调整后的相关性分析显示，钙磷比与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间、钠摄入量与血清总胆固醇水平之间、钠钾比与血清胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间存在显著正相关。我们的数据表明，矿物质的摄入水平部分影响血清脂质谱，低钙磷比和高钠钾比的饮食可能对脂质代谢产生负面影响。
