Malina R M, Beunen G, Lefevre J, Woynarowska B
Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
Ann Hum Biol. 1997 Jan-Feb;24(1):19-31. doi: 10.1080/03014469700004742.
Maturity-associated variation in peak O2 uptake was considered in a longitudinal sample of 47 boys and 40 girls who were enrolled in sports schools. The children were followed annually from 11 to 14 years of age. O2 uptake and heart rate were measured during a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. For boys, individual velocity curves were used to operationally define maturity groups: early-decreasing velocities from 11 to 14 years, n = 9; average-velocities reaching a peak and then decreasing, n = 7; and late-increasing velocities from 11 to 14 years, n = 31. The distributions of stages of genital and public hair development were consistent with early, average and late maturity status designation based on velocities of stature growth. Prospectively collected ages at menarche were used to define maturity groups in girls: early--< 12.0 years, n = 7, 10.8 +/- 0.6 years; average--12.0.12.9 years, n = 20, 12.4 +/- 0.3 years; and late-- > or = 13.0 years, n = 13, 13.5 +/- 0.4 years. Early maturing boys had a greater O2 uptake at each observation period. Early and average maturing girls did not differ in maximal O2 uptake, but both had greater O2 uptake than late maturers. When expressed per unit body mass, differences among the three maturity groups of boys were reduced and not significant. Late maturing girls tended to have greater maximal O2 uptake per unit body mass than early and average maturing girls, but the differences were not significant at all ages. However, with body mass at the first observation as the covariate in analyses of covariance, the three maturity groups of boys differed significantly in peak VO2 at each observation, while the three maturity groups of girls did not. Thus, removing the confounding effect of body mass on O2 uptake by simply dividing the measured values by mass is of limited utility.
在一个由47名男孩和40名女孩组成的纵向样本中，研究了与成熟度相关的最大摄氧量变化，这些孩子就读于体育学校。从11岁到14岁，每年对这些孩子进行跟踪。在自行车测力计上进行最大运动测试时测量摄氧量和心率。对于男孩，使用个体速度曲线在操作上定义成熟度组：11至14岁速度早期下降的，n = 9；平均速度达到峰值然后下降的，n = 7；11至14岁速度晚期增加的，n = 31。生殖器和阴毛发育阶段的分布与基于身高增长速度的早熟、平均成熟和晚熟状态指定一致。前瞻性收集的初潮年龄用于定义女孩的成熟度组：早熟组——<12.0岁，n = 7，10.8±0.6岁；平均成熟组——12.0至12.9岁，n = 20，12.4±0.3岁；晚熟组——≥13.0岁，n = 13，13.5±0.4岁。早熟男孩在每个观察期的摄氧量更高。早熟和平均成熟的女孩在最大摄氧量上没有差异，但两者的摄氧量都比晚熟女孩高。当以每单位体重表示时，男孩的三个成熟度组之间的差异减小且不显著。晚熟女孩每单位体重的最大摄氧量往往比早熟和平均成熟的女孩高，但在所有年龄差异均不显著。然而，在协方差分析中以首次观察时的体重作为协变量，男孩的三个成熟度组在每个观察点的峰值VO2上有显著差异，而女孩的三个成熟度组没有。因此，简单地将测量值除以体重来消除体重对摄氧量的混杂影响效用有限。
