Youngblood B D, Zhou J, Smagin G N, Ryan D H, Harris R B
Department of Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1997 Feb;61(2):249-56. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00363-0.
This study investigated whether paradoxical, or rapid eye movement (REM), sleep deprivation (SD) affected spatial memory. SD was induced in male Wistar rats by housing them on small platforms over water. They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone. Controls were either housed in tanks with large platforms (TC) or in normal cages (CC). All rats had free access to food and water. Each day they were tested in a place-learning set task using a Morris water maze. The rats were released from 6 different starting points (sets) and allowed 2 min to find a submerged platform. Two trials were conducted from each starting point. SD caused a significant decrement in performance in Trial 1 from Day 2. By Day 4, when distance swum to find the platform was plotted against set, area under the curve was doubled in SD compared to that in TC and CC rats, indicating a significant impairment in reference spatial memory. There was no consistent effect on working memory, indicated by Trial 2. SD caused weight loss and increased serum corticosterone compared to that in CC rats. There were no differences in concentrations of hypothalamic, hippocampal, or cortical catecholamines or their metabolites. Serotonin metabolism was elevated in the hypothalamus and hippocampus in SD rats. These results indicate that SD induced in rats housed on small platforms causes a substantial impairment of reference memory. The memory deficit may not be specific to SD because the rats are physically stressed and lose some nonREM sleep when housed in these conditions.
本研究调查了反常睡眠或快速眼动（REM）睡眠剥夺（SD）是否会影响空间记忆。通过将雄性Wistar大鼠饲养在水面上的小平台上来诱导其睡眠剥夺。如果它们失去肌肉张力就会掉入水中。对照组大鼠要么饲养在有大平台的水箱中（TC组），要么饲养在正常笼子里（CC组）。所有大鼠均可自由获取食物和水。每天使用Morris水迷宫在位置学习任务中对它们进行测试。大鼠从6个不同的起始点（组）被释放，并被允许2分钟来找到一个水下平台。每个起始点进行两次试验。从第2天起，睡眠剥夺导致试验1中的表现显著下降。到第4天，如果将游向平台的距离与组进行绘图，睡眠剥夺组大鼠曲线下面积相比TC组和CC组大鼠翻倍，表明参考空间记忆有显著损伤。试验2表明，睡眠剥夺对工作记忆没有一致的影响。与CC组大鼠相比，睡眠剥夺导致体重减轻和血清皮质酮增加。下丘脑、海马体或皮质中儿茶酚胺及其代谢物的浓度没有差异。睡眠剥夺组大鼠下丘脑和海马体中的血清素代谢升高。这些结果表明，饲养在小平台上诱导的睡眠剥夺会导致大鼠参考记忆的严重损伤。记忆缺陷可能并非睡眠剥夺所特有，因为在这些条件下饲养大鼠时，它们会受到身体应激并失去一些非快速眼动睡眠。
