Pauluhn J, Steffens W, Haas J, Machemer L, Miksche L K, Neuhauser H, Schüle S
Bayer AG, Institut für Toxikologie, Wuppertal.
Gesundheitswesen. 1996 Oct;58(10):551-6.
Pyrethroids have varying activities depending on vehicle or route of administration (oral, dermal, inhalational). Specific features like the sensory irritation potential of the alpha-cyano-pyrethroids on the respiratory tract can only be quantified adequately by inhalation testing. Thus equitoxic dosages can vary between inhalative and oral application, especially for alpha-cyano-pyrethrolds. The no-effect values for chronic exposures derived for permethrin (type I pyrethroid) and cyfluthrin (type II pyrethroid) show clearly, that each pyrethroid has to be considered as an individual substance toxicologically, and that any extrapolation from the oral to the inhalative route should only be done after a thorough assessment of the specific toxicological profile. The study of simulated pest control measures on carpets pretreated with permethrin showed, that no significant enrichment of permethrin in total dust could be seen from a carpet additionally treated with pyrethroids. The missing correlation between absolute (mg pyrethroid/m3 air) and relative (mg pyrethroid/kg dust) concentrations in air-borne dust as well as the low degree of translocation of pyrethroids from carpets (only about 0.044% x m(-2) x h(-1) of the cyfluthrin applied to the carpet can be regarded as possibly respirable) prove, that analyses of pyrethroids in household sedimented dust ("vacuum cleaner bag analyses") without knowing the absolute surface concentration and respective air concentrations are of little value for risk assessment. The data allow the conclusion, that a scientific assessment of health risks is only possible based on absolute concentrations of pyrethroids in indoor air.
拟除虫菊酯的活性因载体或给药途径（口服、皮肤、吸入）而异。α-氰基拟除虫菊酯对呼吸道的感觉刺激潜力等特定特征只能通过吸入试验进行充分量化。因此，等效毒性剂量在吸入和口服应用之间可能会有所不同，尤其是对于α-氰基拟除虫菊酯。氯菊酯（I型拟除虫菊酯）和氟氯氰菊酯（II型拟除虫菊酯）的慢性暴露无效应值清楚地表明，每种拟除虫菊酯在毒理学上都应被视为一种单独的物质，并且只有在对特定毒理学特征进行全面评估后，才能从口服途径外推至吸入途径。对用氯菊酯预处理的地毯上模拟害虫控制措施的研究表明，用拟除虫菊酯额外处理的地毯在总灰尘中未发现氯菊酯有明显富集。空气中粉尘中绝对浓度（毫克拟除虫菊酯/立方米空气）与相对浓度（毫克拟除虫菊酯/千克灰尘）之间缺乏相关性，以及拟除虫菊酯从地毯的迁移程度较低（应用于地毯的氟氯氰菊酯中只有约0.044%×米-2×小时-1可被视为可能可吸入）证明，在不知道绝对表面浓度和相应空气浓度的情况下，对家庭沉积灰尘中的拟除虫菊酯进行分析（“吸尘器袋分析”）对风险评估价值不大。这些数据得出的结论是，只有基于室内空气中拟除虫菊酯的绝对浓度，才能对健康风险进行科学评估。
