Tucker P, Barton J, Folkard S
Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea.
Occup Environ Med. 1996 Nov;53(11):767-72. doi: 10.1136/oem.53.11.767.
The generally agreed view is that there is no ideal shift system, and that most systems will have both advantages and disadvantages. As such, attention has been placed on trying to identify good and bad features of shift systems, with a view to minimising the possible ill health as a consequence of shiftwork. The present study focuses on the duration of the shift and looks at the implications for individual health, wellbeing, and alertness during the shift of extending the shift from the traditional eight hours to 12.
Two groups of chemical workers, one working 12 hour shifts and the other working eight hour shifts, took part. All completed a modified version of the standard shiftwork index (SSI), a set of self reported questionnaires related to health and wellbeing.
The two groups did not differ on most outcome measures, although the differences that did exist suggested advantages for the 12 hour shift workers over the eight hour shift workers; with the notable exception of rated alertness at certain times of day.
The results are explained in terms of the design of the 12 hour shift system and the specific sequencing of shifts that seem to minimise the potential for the build up of fatigue. Although the current data moderately favour 12 hour shifts, a cautionary note is sounded with regard to the implications of the alertness ratings for performance and safety.
普遍认同的观点是不存在理想的轮班制度，大多数制度都有其优缺点。因此，人们致力于找出轮班制度的优缺点，以尽量减少轮班工作可能导致的健康问题。本研究聚焦于轮班时长，探讨将轮班时长从传统的8小时延长至12小时对个人健康、幸福感及轮班期间警觉性的影响。
两组化工工人参与了研究，一组实行12小时轮班制，另一组实行8小时轮班制。所有人都完成了标准轮班指数（SSI）的修订版，这是一套与健康和幸福感相关的自我报告问卷。
两组在大多数结果指标上没有差异，尽管存在的差异表明12小时轮班制工人比8小时轮班制工人具有优势；一天中某些时段的警觉性评级是明显的例外。
研究结果可根据12小时轮班制度的设计以及似乎能将疲劳累积可能性降至最低的特定轮班顺序来解释。尽管目前的数据适度支持12小时轮班制，但对于警觉性评级对工作表现和安全的影响需谨慎看待。
