从延迟轮班制改为提前轮班制对健康的影响。
Effects on health of a change from a delaying to an advancing shift system.
作者信息
Barton J, Folkard S, Smith L, Poole C J
机构信息
MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 1994 Nov;51(11):749-55. doi: 10.1136/oem.51.11.749.
OBJECTIVES
Shift work can lead to a range of problems for some people that seem to result from the disturbance of the circadian system, and can broadly be classified as: disturbances of sleep, impaired physical and psychological health, and disturbed social and domestic life. The main attempt to try to reduce these problems has focused on the design of the shift system, and the identification of the most problematic features of the shift system. One such feature is believed to be the direction of shift rotation. Systems that advance are thought to be more problematic than those that delay. The present study examines the change in the direction of shift rotation from a delaying to an advancing system on health and wellbeing.
METHODS
Self reported measures of tolerance to shift work were taken two months before and six months after the change. These included sleep difficulties, gastrointestinal problems, psychological ill health, chronic fatigue, social and domestic disruption, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with the shift system.
RESULTS
The change from a delaying to an advancing system resulted in an increase in sleep difficulties between successive afternoon shifts, but a decrease in social disruption. There was little evidence of impaired health on the advancing compared with the delaying system.
CONCLUSIONS
The increase in sleep difficulties was thought to result from the undesired adaptation of the circadian system to night work, as a result of the afternoon shifts now following a series of night shifts, whereas previously they followed a series of morning shifts. The decrease in social disruption was thought to result from the specific sequence of the shifts and the discontinuous nature of the shift system, in particular, the long week-end off every third week. Lack of reported health related differences are explained in terms of the relatively unharmful nature of the shift system in question, and the relatively short time span over which the study was conducted.
目的
轮班工作可能给一些人带来一系列问题，这些问题似乎源于昼夜节律系统的紊乱，大致可分为：睡眠障碍、身心健康受损以及社会和家庭生活受到干扰。为减少这些问题所做的主要努力集中在轮班制度的设计以及确定轮班制度中最成问题的特征。其中一个这样的特征被认为是轮班轮换的方向。向前轮换的制度被认为比向后轮换的制度问题更多。本研究考察了从向后轮换制度改为向前轮换制度对健康和幸福的影响。
方法
在改变前两个月和改变后六个月采取自我报告的对轮班工作的耐受程度的测量。这些测量包括睡眠困难、胃肠道问题、心理不健康、慢性疲劳、社会和家庭混乱、工作满意度以及对轮班制度的满意度。
结果
从向后轮换制度改为向前轮换制度导致连续下午班之间睡眠困难增加，但社会混乱减少。与向后轮换制度相比，几乎没有证据表明向前轮换制度会损害健康。
结论
睡眠困难增加被认为是由于昼夜节律系统对夜班的不良适应导致的，因为现在下午班是在一系列夜班之后，而之前是在一系列早班之后。社会混乱减少被认为是由于轮班的特定顺序和轮班制度的不连续性，特别是每三周有一个长周末休息。所报告的与健康相关的差异不明显，这可以用所讨论的轮班制度相对无害的性质以及研究进行的时间跨度相对较短来解释。
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