Tucker P, Smith L, Macdonald I, Folkard S
Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 1999 Mar;56(3):206-14. doi: 10.1136/oem.56.3.206.
To investigate of the effects of distribution of rest days in 12 hour shift systems. Although several studies have examined the effects of compressing work schedules by comparing 8 and 12 hour shift systems, there is little published research examining the various forms of 12 hour shift system.
An abridged version of the standard shiftwork index which included retrospective alertness ratings was completed by a large sample of industrial shiftworkers. The respondents worked 12 hour shift systems that either did or did not incorporate breaks of > 24 hours between the blocks of day and night shifts. For the purposes of the analysis, each of these two groups were further subdivided into those who started their morning shift at 0600 and those who started at 0700.
Systems which incorporated rest days between the day and night shifts were associated with slightly higher levels of on shift alertness, slightly lower levels of chronic fatigue, along with longer sleep durations when working night shifts and between rest days. Early changeovers were associated with shorter night sleeps between successive day shifts, but longer and less disturbed day sleeps between night shifts. These effects of changeover time were broadly in agreement with previous research findings.
The distribution of rest days in 12 hour shift systems had only limited effects on the outcome measures, although the few modest differences that were found favoured systems which incorporated rest days between the day and night shifts. It is conceded that the design of the study may have obscured some subtle differences between the shift systems. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the impact of distribution of rest days seems to be minor relative to previously found effects of other features of shift systems--for example, shift duration.
研究12小时轮班制中休息日分布的影响。尽管有几项研究通过比较8小时和12小时轮班制来考察压缩工作时间表的影响，但关于12小时轮班制各种形式的已发表研究很少。
一大群产业轮班工人完成了标准轮班工作指数的简化版，其中包括回顾性警觉性评分。受访者采用12小时轮班制，日班和夜班之间要么有超过24小时的休息，要么没有。为了分析的目的，这两组中的每一组又进一步细分为早上6点开始早班的人和早上7点开始早班的人。
日班和夜班之间设有休息日的轮班制与稍高的轮班警觉性水平、稍低的慢性疲劳水平相关，同时夜班工作期间和休息日之间的睡眠时间更长。早班交接时间较早与连续日班之间的夜间睡眠时间较短有关，但与夜班之间较长且干扰较少的日间睡眠时间有关。交接时间的这些影响与先前的研究结果大致一致。
12小时轮班制中休息日的分布对结果指标的影响有限，尽管发现的一些细微差异有利于日班和夜班之间设有休息日的轮班制。诚然，该研究的设计可能掩盖了轮班制之间的一些细微差异。然而，可以得出结论，相对于先前发现的轮班制其他特征（例如轮班时长）的影响，休息日分布的影响似乎较小。
