Forbes J F
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Semin Oncol. 1997 Feb;24(1 Suppl 1):S1-20-S1-35.
The incidence of breast cancer continues to increase and will reach close to one million new patients annually by the year 2000. The highest age-specific rates occur in developed regions, but more than 50% of cases occur in developing regions. Effective control requires prevention, early diagnosis, and access to effective treatments. Tamoxifen is an important treatment agent and may have a preventative role. Tamoxifen reduces relapse by approximately 25% and deaths by approximately 17%. Tamoxifen has an important role in reducing local recurrence, in reducing the risk of new contralateral breast cancer, and in the treatment of patients with advanced disease. Current trends are largely due to earlier diagnosis, mammographic screening in developed countries, a decrease in deaths in both the United States and the United Kingdom, and an increasing proportion of deaths in developing countries. The total direct medical costs of breast cancer is more than $7 billion per year worldwide. New cost-effective control strategies are required worldwide.
乳腺癌的发病率持续上升，到2000年每年新增患者将接近100万。特定年龄发病率最高的地区是发达地区，但超过50%的病例发生在发展中地区。有效的控制需要预防、早期诊断以及获得有效的治疗。他莫昔芬是一种重要的治疗药物，可能具有预防作用。他莫昔芬可使复发率降低约25%，死亡率降低约17%。他莫昔芬在降低局部复发、降低对侧新发乳腺癌风险以及治疗晚期疾病患者方面具有重要作用。目前的趋势主要归因于早期诊断、发达国家的乳腺钼靶筛查、美国和英国死亡率的下降以及发展中国家死亡比例的增加。全球范围内，乳腺癌每年的直接医疗总成本超过70亿美元。全世界都需要新的具有成本效益的控制策略。
