de Wall F B, Aureli F
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Jan 15;807:317-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51929.x.
Research on nonhuman primates has produced compelling evidence for reconciliation and consolation, that is, postconflict contacts that serve to respectively repair social relationships and reassure distressed individuals, such as victims of attack. This has led to a view of conflict and conflict resolution as an integrated part of social relationships, hence determined by social factors and modifiable by the social environment. Implications of this new model of social conflict are discussed along with evidence for behavioral flexibility, the value of cooperation, and the possibility that distress alleviation rests on empathy, a capacity that may be present in chimpanzees and humans but not in most other animals.
对非人类灵长类动物的研究已经产生了关于和解与安慰的令人信服的证据，也就是说，冲突后的接触分别有助于修复社会关系并安抚受困扰的个体，比如攻击的受害者。这导致了一种将冲突和冲突解决视为社会关系的一个组成部分的观点，因此由社会因素决定并可被社会环境改变。本文讨论了这种社会冲突新模型的影响，同时还列举了行为灵活性的证据、合作的价值，以及减轻痛苦可能基于同理心的可能性，同理心这种能力可能存在于黑猩猩和人类身上，但在大多数其他动物身上则不存在。
