Brenner C H
Genetics. 1997 Feb;145(2):535-42. doi: 10.1093/genetics/145.2.535.
This paper discusses a computerized algorithm to derive the formula for the likelihood ratio for a kinship problem with any arbitrarily defined relationships based on genetic evidence. The ordinary paternity case with the familiar likelihood formula 1/2q is the commonest example. More generally, any miscellaneous collection of people can be genetically tested to help settle some argument about how they are related, what one might call a "kinship" case. Examples that geneticists and DNA identification laboratories run into include sibship, incest, twin, inheritance, motherless, and corpse identification cases. The strength of the genetic evidence is always described by a likelihood ratio. The general method is described by which the computer program finds the formulas appropriate to these various situations. The benefits and the interest of the program are discussed using many examples, including analyses that have previously been published, some practical problems, and simple and useful rules for dealing with scenarios in which ancestral or fraternal types substitute for those of the alleged father.
本文讨论了一种计算机算法，该算法基于遗传证据，针对具有任意定义关系的亲属关系问题推导似然比公式。具有常见似然公式1/2q的普通亲子鉴定案例是最常见的例子。更一般地说，任何杂七杂八的人群都可以进行基因检测，以帮助解决有关他们之间关系的争论，即所谓的“亲属关系”案例。遗传学家和DNA鉴定实验室遇到的例子包括同胞关系、乱伦、双胞胎、继承、无母以及尸体鉴定案例。遗传证据的强度总是用似然比来描述。本文描述了计算机程序找到适用于这些各种情况的公式的一般方法。通过许多例子讨论了该程序的优点和意义，包括以前发表的分析、一些实际问题，以及处理祖先或兄弟类型替代被指控父亲类型的情况的简单实用规则。
