Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5288, 31073 Toulouse, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 8;108(45):18255-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1113061108. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
The impact of the Neolithic dispersal on the western European populations is subject to continuing debate. To trace and date genetic lineages potentially brought during this transition and so understand the origin of the gene pool of current populations, we studied DNA extracted from human remains excavated in a Spanish funeral cave dating from the beginning of the fifth millennium B.C. Thanks to a "multimarkers" approach based on the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (autosomes and Y-chromosome), we obtained information on the early Neolithic funeral practices and on the biogeographical origin of the inhumed individuals. No close kinship was detected. Maternal haplogroups found are consistent with pre-Neolithic settlement, whereas the Y-chromosomal analyses permitted confirmation of the existence in Spain approximately 7,000 y ago of two haplogroups previously associated with the Neolithic transition: G2a and E1b1b1a1b. These results are highly consistent with those previously found in Neolithic individuals from French Late Neolithic individuals, indicating a surprising temporal genetic homogeneity in these groups. The high frequency of G2a in Neolithic samples in western Europe could suggest, furthermore, that the role of men during Neolithic dispersal could be greater than currently estimated.
新石器时代的扩散对西欧人口的影响仍在持续争论中。为了追踪和确定在此过渡期间可能带来的遗传谱系，并了解当前人群基因库的起源，我们研究了从西班牙一个可追溯到公元前 5000 年的葬礼洞穴中挖掘出的人类遗骸中提取的 DNA。通过一种基于线粒体和核 DNA（常染色体和 Y 染色体）分析的“多标记”方法，我们获得了有关新石器时代早期丧葬习俗以及被埋葬个体的生物地理起源的信息。没有发现近亲关系。发现的母系单倍群与新石器时代以前的定居点一致，而 Y 染色体分析则证实了大约 7000 年前在西班牙存在与新石器时代过渡相关的两个单倍群：G2a 和 E1b1b1a1b。这些结果与法国新石器时代晚期个体的结果高度一致，表明这些群体在时间上具有惊人的遗传同质性。西欧新石器时代样本中 G2a 的高频率表明，男性在新石器时代扩散中的作用可能比目前估计的更大。
