MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997 Mar 7;46(RR-6):1-36.
Regular physical activity is linked to enhanced health and to reduced risk for all-cause mortality and the development of many chronic diseases in adults. However, many U.S. adults are either sedentary or less physically active than recommended. Children and adolescents are more physically active than adults, but participation in physical activity declines in adolescence. School and community programs have the potential to help children and adolescents establish lifelong, healthy physical activity patterns. This report summarizes recommendations for encouraging physical activity among young people so that they will continue to engage in physical activity in adulthood and obtain the benefits of physical activity throughout life. These guidelines were developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from universities and from national, federal, and voluntary agencies and organizations. They are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and current practice in physical education, exercise science, health education, and public health. The guidelines include recommendations about 10 aspects of school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people; policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity; physical and social environments that encourage and enable physical activity; physical education curricula and instruction; health education curricula and instruction; extracurricular physical activity programs that meet the needs and interests of students involvement of parents and guardians in physical activity instruction and programs for young people, personnel training; health services for children and adolescents; developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs that are attractive to young people; and regular evaluation of physical activity instruction, programs, and facilities.
规律的体育活动与成年人健康状况的改善以及全因死亡率降低和多种慢性病发病率降低相关。然而，许多美国成年人久坐不动或运动量低于推荐水平。儿童和青少年比成年人更爱运动，但青少年时期的体育活动参与度会下降。学校和社区项目有潜力帮助儿童和青少年建立终身健康的体育活动模式。本报告总结了鼓励年轻人进行体育活动的建议，以便他们在成年后能继续参与体育活动，并在一生中获得体育活动带来的益处。这些指南由美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）与来自大学以及国家、联邦和志愿机构及组织的专家合作制定。它们基于对体育教育、运动科学、健康教育和公共卫生领域的研究、理论及当前实践的深入审查。这些指南包括关于学校和社区项目的10个方面的建议，以促进年轻人终身进行体育活动；促进愉快的终身体育活动的政策；鼓励并使人能够进行体育活动的物理和社会环境；体育教育课程与教学；健康教育课程与教学；满足学生需求和兴趣的课外体育活动项目；家长和监护人参与年轻人的体育活动指导和项目；人员培训；儿童和青少年的健康服务；对年轻人有吸引力的适合其发育阶段的社区体育和娱乐项目；以及对体育活动指导、项目和设施的定期评估。
