Cockcroft D W, Killian D N, Mellon J J, Hargreave F E
Clin Allergy. 1977 May;7(3):235-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01448.x.
An easy and safe dose-response histamine-inhalation test is described, to measure the level of non-specific bronchial reactivity. The test was performed in 307 subject. Non-specific bronchial reactivity was increased in 3% of presumed normal subjects, in 100% of active asthmatics and in 69% of asymptomatic asthmatics with previous symptoms only at times of exposure to clinically relevant allergens. It was also increased in 47% of patients with cough and no other chest symptoms, in 40% of patients with rhinitis and vague chest symptoms not by themselves diagnostic of asthma, and in 22% of patients with rhinitis and no chest symptoms. The patients with asthma were studied when their asthma was well controlled and when their minimum drug requirements had been established. The mean level of bronchial reactivity increased with increasing minimum drug requirements. The level of bronchial reactivity also showed a strong negative correlation with the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Atopic subjects, with or without asthma, showed a significant positive correlation between the level of bronchial reactivity and atopic status as indicated by the number of positive allergy skin tests.
本文描述了一种简单且安全的组胺吸入剂量反应试验，用于测量非特异性支气管反应性水平。该试验在307名受试者中进行。在假定正常的受试者中，3%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加；在活动性哮喘患者中，100%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加；在仅在接触临床相关过敏原时出现过症状的无症状哮喘患者中，69%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加。在咳嗽但无其他胸部症状的患者中，47%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加；在鼻炎且有模糊胸部症状（这些症状本身不能诊断为哮喘）的患者中，40%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加；在鼻炎且无胸部症状的患者中，22%的人非特异性支气管反应性增加。对哮喘患者在其哮喘得到良好控制且已确定最低药物需求量时进行了研究。支气管反应性的平均水平随最低药物需求量的增加而升高。支气管反应性水平与第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）也呈强烈负相关。有或无哮喘的特应性受试者，支气管反应性水平与特应性状态（以阳性变应原皮肤试验的数量表示）之间呈显著正相关。
