Baltes P B, Lindenberger U
Center of Psychology and Human Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Mar;12(1):12-21. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.1.12.
Six hundred eighty seven individuals ages 25-103 years were studied cross-sectionally to examine the relationship between measures of sensory functioning (visual and auditory acuity) and intelligence (14 cognitive tasks representing a 5-factor space of psychometric intelligence). As predicted, the average proportion of individual differences in intellectual functioning connected to sensory functioning increased from 11% in adulthood (25-69 years) to 31% in old age (70-103 years). However, the link between fluid intellectual abilities and sensory functioning, albeit of different size, displayed a similarly high connection to age in both age groups. Several explanations are discussed, including a "common cause" hypothesis. In this vein, we argue that the increase in the age-associated link between sensory and intellectual functioning may reflect brain aging and that the search for explanations of cognitive aging phenomena would benefit from attending to factors that are shared between the 2 domains.
对687名年龄在25至103岁之间的个体进行了横断面研究，以检验感觉功能（视力和听力）测量与智力（代表心理测量智力五因素空间的14项认知任务）之间的关系。正如所预测的那样，与感觉功能相关的智力功能个体差异的平均比例从成年期（25至69岁）的11%增加到老年期（70至103岁）的31%。然而，尽管大小不同，流体智力能力与感觉功能之间的联系在两个年龄组中与年龄的关联程度都同样高。文中讨论了几种解释，包括“共同原因”假说。据此，我们认为感觉与智力功能之间与年龄相关的联系增加可能反映了大脑衰老，并且对认知衰老现象解释的探索将受益于关注这两个领域共有的因素。
