Soriano V, Dietrich U, Mas A, Andersen R, Bravo R, Ruppach H, Gutiérrez M, Martínez-Zapico R, Rübsamen-Waigmann H, González-Lahoz J
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid.
Med Clin (Barc). 1997 Feb 15;108(6):217-20.
HIV-1 shows high genetic variability, mainly in the genomic region codifying the envelope proteins, which are the most immunogenic. This fact explains the high heterogeneity of antibodies against HIV-1 epitopes. Both genetic and serologic diversity has allowed to classify HIV-1 variants in several subtypes (genotypes and serotypes, respectively). The clinical and epidemiological significance of infection caused by each subtype remains to be clarified.
Serum samples from 154 HIV-seropositive individuals living in Madrid were studied. Serotyping was performed using 4 peptides belonging to the V3 env region. Epidemiological and clinical variables examined in these patients were the route of infection, the year in which HIV infection occurred, the country of birth, and the rate of disease progression (rapid versus slow).
148 (96.2%) samples could be serotyped, and the B class was recognized in 131 (88.5%) of them. Serotype A/C was found in 9 (6.1%). Two samples (1.3%) reacted to peptide E; however, both were also reactive against the B peptide, suggesting co-infection with B and E subtypes. Six samples were EIA-reactive for HIV-1/2 but were typed as HIV-2 alone. Infection with serotypes A/C was more frequent amongst immigrants, mainly in Africans. There was not association between any subtype and the route of infection neither a different rate of disease progression.
HIV-1 serotype B is the most frequently found in HIV-seropositive individuals living in Madrid, without association with the route of infection or the clinical course of the disease. Serotypes A/C and E were found sporadically, mainly among immigrants.
HIV-1具有高度的基因变异性，主要存在于编码包膜蛋白的基因组区域，而包膜蛋白具有最强的免疫原性。这一事实解释了针对HIV-1表位的抗体具有高度异质性。基因和血清学多样性使得HIV-1变体能够分为几种亚型（分别为基因型和血清型）。每种亚型引起的感染的临床和流行病学意义仍有待阐明。
对居住在马德里的154例HIV血清阳性个体的血清样本进行了研究。使用属于V3 env区域的4种肽进行血清分型。在这些患者中检查的流行病学和临床变量包括感染途径、HIV感染发生年份、出生国家以及疾病进展速度（快速与缓慢）。
148份（96.2%）样本能够进行血清分型，其中131份（88.5%）被识别为B类。发现9份（6.1%）为A/C血清型。两份样本（1.3%）与肽E反应；然而，这两份样本也与B肽反应，提示为B和E亚型的共同感染。6份样本HIV-1/2酶免疫测定呈反应性，但仅被分型为HIV-2。A/C血清型感染在移民中更为常见，主要是非洲人。任何亚型与感染途径之间均无关联，疾病进展速度也无差异。
HIV-1血清型B在居住于马德里的HIV血清阳性个体中最为常见，与感染途径或疾病临床进程无关。A/C和E血清型为散发性发现，主要见于移民中。
