Minić P B, Ostojić N S, Vujanić G M
Mother and Child Health Institute, Belgrade.
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1996 Jan-Feb;124(1-2):41-3.
Stridor is the major clinical sign of upper airways obstruction in children and is usually caused by various inflammatory and structural lesions of the pharynx, larynx and subglottic trachea. Rarely, this obstruction can be produced by growth of a tumour. We present a three-month-old infant with upper airways obstruction caused by thyroid teratoma. Teratomas represent 3-5% of all tumours in childhood. The main sites of these tumours are the gonads, the sacrococcygeal region and the anterior mediastinum. The neck is one of the least common sites, accounting for only about 5% of all teratomas. As opposed to adults in whom prognosis depends primarily on histologic type of the tumour, the most important prognostic factors in children are the age of the patient, localization and histologic type of the tumour. In about 30% of cases neck teratomas are associated with polyhydramnios which can be easily detected by routine ultrasound examination in pregnancy. Surgery is the treatment of choice in young children and usually no further radio- or chemotherapy is needed. Clinical diagnosis, histologic features, prognosis, management, follow-up and prenatal detection of thyroid teratoma in children are discussed in the paper.
喘鸣是儿童上呼吸道梗阻的主要临床体征，通常由咽、喉和声门下气管的各种炎症性和结构性病变引起。这种梗阻很少由肿瘤生长导致。我们报告一例三个月大的婴儿，其甲状腺畸胎瘤导致上呼吸道梗阻。畸胎瘤占儿童所有肿瘤的3%至5%。这些肿瘤的主要部位是性腺、骶尾部区域和前纵隔。颈部是最不常见的部位之一，仅占所有畸胎瘤的约5%。与成人不同，成人的预后主要取决于肿瘤的组织学类型，而儿童最重要的预后因素是患者的年龄、肿瘤的位置和组织学类型。约30%的颈部畸胎瘤病例与羊水过多有关，在孕期通过常规超声检查很容易检测到。手术是幼儿的首选治疗方法，通常无需进一步的放疗或化疗。本文讨论了儿童甲状腺畸胎瘤的临床诊断、组织学特征、预后、治疗、随访和产前检测。
