Wills K E, Tanz R R, Christoffel K, Schofer J L, Lavigne J V, Donovan M, Kalangis K
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 1997 Jan;29(1):133-7. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(96)00057-7.
This paper describes the development of the "Chicago Children's Supervision Taxonomy" which operationally defines supervision based on the age of an injured child and the ages, familiarity, and proximity of that child's companions. The reliability, coverage, and utility of this taxonomy are illustrated by its application to 142 cases of urban childhood pedestrian injury. All cases were unambiguously classified with good interrater reliability. Most injured children were in unsupervised groups (42%) but 36% had supervisors nearby, thus, supervisor presence does not guarantee protection. Supervising more than one child (especially likely when the supervisor was a teenager) may increase injury risk compared with one-to-one supervision. The taxonomy provides a needed framework adaptable for describing direct supervision in most child injury situations and can facilitate studies of more complex aspects of supervision.
本文描述了“芝加哥儿童监管分类法”的制定，该分类法根据受伤儿童的年龄以及该儿童同伴的年龄、熟悉程度和接近程度，对监管进行了操作性定义。通过将该分类法应用于142例城市儿童行人受伤案例，说明了其可靠性、覆盖范围和实用性。所有案例都被明确分类，评分者间信度良好。大多数受伤儿童处于无人监管的群体中（42%），但36%的儿童附近有监管者，因此，有监管者在场并不能保证受到保护。与一对一监管相比，监管多个儿童（当监管者是青少年时尤其如此）可能会增加受伤风险。该分类法提供了一个必要的框架，适用于描述大多数儿童受伤情况下的直接监管，并有助于对监管更复杂方面的研究。
