Morrongiello B A, House K
Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Inj Prev. 2004 Apr;10(2):114-8. doi: 10.1136/ip.2003.003459.
This study aimed to identify self report questionnaire measures of parent attributes and behaviors that have relevance for understanding injury risk among children 2-5 years of age, and test a new Parent Supervision Attributes Profile Questionnaire (PSAPQ) that was developed to measure aspects of protectiveness and parent supervision.
Naturalistic observations were conducted of parents' supervision of children on playgrounds, with questionnaires subsequently completed by the parent to measure parent education, family income, parent personality attributes, attributes relevant to parent supervision, and beliefs about parents' control over the child's health status. These measures were then related to children's risk taking and injury history.
Visual supervision, auditory supervision, and physical proximity were highly intercorrelated, indicating that parents employed all types of behaviors in service of supervision, rather than relying predominantly on one type of supervisory behavior. Physical proximity was the only aspect of supervision behavior that served a protective function and related to children's risk taking behaviors: parents who remained close to their children had children who engaged in less risk taking. On questionnaires, parents who reported more conscientiousness, protectiveness, worry about safety, vigilance in supervision, confidence in their ability to keep their child safe, and belief in control over their child's health had children who showed less risk taking and/or experienced fewer injuries. The new PSAPQ measure was associated with specific aspects of supervision as well as children's risk taking and injury history.
This study reveals several parent attributes and behaviors with relevance for child injury risk that can be measured via self report questionnaires, including the new PSAPQ.
本研究旨在确定与理解2至5岁儿童受伤风险相关的父母属性和行为的自我报告问卷测量方法，并测试一种新开发的父母监督属性概况问卷（PSAPQ），该问卷用于测量保护和父母监督的各个方面。
对父母在操场上对孩子的监督进行自然观察，随后由父母填写问卷，以测量父母教育程度、家庭收入、父母个性属性、与父母监督相关的属性以及对父母控制孩子健康状况的信念。然后将这些测量结果与孩子的冒险行为和受伤史相关联。
视觉监督、听觉监督和身体接近度高度相关，这表明父母采用了所有类型的行为来进行监督，而不是主要依赖一种监督行为。身体接近度是监督行为中唯一具有保护作用且与孩子冒险行为相关的方面：与孩子保持近距离的父母，其孩子的冒险行为较少。在问卷中，报告更尽责、更具保护意识、更担心安全、监督更警惕、对自己保护孩子安全的能力更有信心以及相信能控制孩子健康的父母，其孩子的冒险行为较少和/或受伤次数较少。新的PSAPQ测量方法与监督的特定方面以及孩子的冒险行为和受伤史相关。
本研究揭示了一些与儿童受伤风险相关的父母属性和行为，这些可以通过自我报告问卷进行测量，包括新的PSAPQ。
