Pratto F, Stallworth L M, Sidanius J
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA 94305-2130, USA.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1997 Mar;36 ( Pt 1):49-68. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1997.tb01118.x.
Survey data over recent decades show men to differ from women on a number of political attitudes and on political party identification. We provide evidence that many such differences can be attributed to individual differences in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)--preference for inequality among social groups--that are sex linked. Results from a US college student sample (N = 463) and a US 1992 voter sample (N = 478) replicate previous findings of more male support of conservative ideology, military programmes, and punitive policies and more female support of social programmes and equal rights. Consistent with our hypotheses, men were more social dominance oriented than women, and SDO accounted for much of the sex-linked variability in political attitudes, SDO was also a significant predictor of candidate choice in the US 1992 presidential election through its influence on policy attitudes and political ideology. Implications of these results for theories of gender and politics are discussed.
近几十年来的调查数据显示，男性和女性在一些政治态度和政党认同方面存在差异。我们提供的证据表明，许多此类差异可归因于与性别相关的社会支配取向（SDO）——对社会群体间不平等的偏好——方面的个体差异。来自美国大学生样本（N = 463）和美国1992年选民样本（N = 478）的结果重复了先前的研究发现，即男性更多地支持保守意识形态、军事项目和惩罚性政策，而女性更多地支持社会项目和平等权利。与我们的假设一致，男性比女性更倾向于社会支配取向，并且SDO解释了政治态度中许多与性别相关的变异性。SDO通过对政策态度和政治意识形态的影响，也是1992年美国总统选举中候选人选择的一个重要预测因素。本文讨论了这些结果对性别与政治理论的启示。
