Enns M W, Cox B J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Can J Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;42(3):274-84. doi: 10.1177/070674379704200305.
The relationship between dimensionally assessed personality and the onset, features, and course of depressive illness will be critically examined and considered in relation to 4 hypothesized models: predisposition or vulnerability: pathoplasty: complication or scar: and spectrum or continuity.
Studies that have used clinically depressed adult patients to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and depression will be reviewed.
Higher-order personality factors that have shown a significant and consistent association with major depressive illness include neuroticism, extraversion (negative relationship), and the factors of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Model. Neuroticism appears to be the most powerful predictor of depression. Lower-order factors showing a significant and consistent relationship with depressive illness include dependency, self-criticism, obsessionality, and perfectionism. The links between depression and dependency and self-criticism have the strongest empirical support.
Several personality dimensions are significantly associated with depressive illness, but the evidence that unequivocally demonstrates a true personality predisposition for depression is modest. Measures of personality may prove to be clinically useful for treatment selection.
将严格审查维度评估的人格与抑郁症的发病、特征及病程之间的关系，并根据4种假设模型进行考量：易感性或脆弱性；病理塑形；并发症或瘢痕；以及谱系或连续性。
将回顾那些使用临床抑郁症成年患者来探究人格维度与抑郁症之间关系的研究。
与重度抑郁症显著且一致相关的高阶人格因素包括神经质、外向性（负相关）以及克隆宁格三维人格模型的因素。神经质似乎是抑郁症最有力的预测指标。与抑郁症显著且一致相关的低阶因素包括依赖、自我批评、强迫观念和完美主义。抑郁症与依赖和自我批评之间的联系有最强的实证支持。
几种人格维度与抑郁症显著相关，但明确证明真正的抑郁症人格易感性的证据并不充分。人格测量可能在临床上对治疗选择有用。
