Lee D T, Toner M M, McArdle W D, Vrabas I S, Pandolf K B
Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 May;82(5):1523-30. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1523.
To examine the effect of cold-water immersion at different depths on thermal and metabolic responses, eight men (25 yr old, 16% body fat) attempted 12 tests: immersed to the knee (K), hip (H), and shoulder (Sh) in 15 and 25 degrees C water during both rest (R) or leg cycling [35% peak oxygen uptake; (E)] for up to 135 min. At 15 degrees C, rectal (Tre) and esophageal temperatures (Tes) between R and E were not different in Sh and H groups (P > 0.05), whereas both in K group were higher during E than R (P < 0.05). At 25 degrees C, Tre was higher (P < 0.05) during E than R at all depths, whereas Tes during E was higher than during R in H and K groups. Tre remained at control levels in K-E at 15 degrees C, K-E at 25 degrees C, and in H-E groups at 25 degrees C, whereas Tes remained unchanged in K-E at 15 degrees C, in K-R at 15 degrees C, and in all 25 degrees C conditions (P > 0.05). During R and E, the magnitude of Tre change was greater (P < 0.05) than the magnitude of Tes change in Sh and H groups, whereas it was not different in the K group (P > 0.05). Total heat flow was progressive with water depth. During R at 15 and 25 degrees C, heat production was not increased in K and H groups from control level (P > 0.05) but it did increase in Sh group (P < 0.05). The increase in heat production during E compared with R was smaller (P < 0.05) in Sh (121 +/- 7 W/m2 at 15 degrees C and 97 +/- 6 W/m2 at 25 degrees C) than in H (156 +/- 6 and 126 +/- 5 W/m2, respectively) and K groups (155 +/- 4 and 165 +/- 6 W/m2, respectively). These data suggest that Tre and Tes respond differently during partial cold-water immersion. In addition, water levels above knee in 15 degrees C and above hip in 25 degrees C cause depression of internal temperatures mainly due to insufficient heat production offsetting heat loss even during light exercise.
为研究不同深度冷水浸泡对热和代谢反应的影响，8名男性（25岁，体脂率16%）进行了12次测试：在休息（R）或腿部骑行[35%峰值摄氧量；（E）]期间，分别在15℃和25℃的水中浸泡至膝盖（K）、臀部（H）和肩部（Sh），最长浸泡135分钟。在15℃时，Sh组和H组在R和E期间的直肠温度（Tre）和食管温度（Tes）无差异（P>0.05），而K组在E期间的Tre和Tes均高于R期间（P<0.05）。在25℃时，所有深度在E期间的Tre均高于R期间（P<0.05），H组和K组在E期间的Tes高于R期间。在15℃的K-E组、25℃的K-E组以及25℃的H-E组中，Tre保持在对照水平，而在15℃的K-E组、15℃的K-R组以及所有25℃条件下，Tes保持不变（P>0.05）。在R和E期间，Sh组和H组Tre变化的幅度大于Tes变化的幅度（P<0.05），而K组两者无差异（P>0.05）。总热流随水深增加。在15℃和25℃的R期间，K组和H组的产热与对照水平相比未增加（P>0.05），但Sh组增加（P<0.05）。与R相比，E期间Sh组（15℃时为121±7W/m²，25℃时为97±6W/m²）产热的增加幅度小于H组（分别为156±6和126±5W/m²）和K组（分别为155±4和165±6W/m²）。这些数据表明，在部分冷水浸泡期间，Tre和Tes的反应不同。此外，15℃时膝盖以上水位和25℃时臀部以上水位会导致体内温度下降，主要是因为即使在轻度运动期间，产热不足以抵消热量损失。
