Toner M M, Sawka M N, Holden W L, Pandolf K B
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1985 Jul;59(1):248-53. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.248.
This study examined both the thermal and metabolic responses of individuals in cool (30 degrees C, n = 9) and cold (18 degrees C, n = 7; 20 degrees C, n = 2) water. Male volunteers were immersed up to the neck for 1 h during both seated rest (R) and leg exercise (LE). In 30 degrees C water, metabolic rate (M) remained unchanged over time during both R (115 W, 60 min) and LE (528 W, 60 min). Mean skin temperature (Tsk) declined (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R, while Tsk was unchanged during LE. Rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) temperatures decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.5 degrees C; delta Tes, -0.3 degrees C) and increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tre, 0.4 degrees C; Tsk, 0.4 degrees C). M, Tsk, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05) during LE compared with R. In cool water, all regional heat flows (leg, chest, and arm) were generally greater (P less than 0.05) during LE than R. In cold water, M increased (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R but remained unchanged during LE. Tre decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.8 degrees C) but was unchanged during LE. Tes declined (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tes, -0.4 degrees C) but increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tes, 0.2 degrees C). M, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05), whereas Tsk was not different during LE compared with R at 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
本研究考察了个体在凉爽（30摄氏度，n = 9）和寒冷（18摄氏度，n = 7；20摄氏度，n = 2）水中的热反应和代谢反应。男性志愿者在坐姿休息（R）和腿部运动（LE）期间，颈部以下浸泡1小时。在30摄氏度的水中，休息时（115瓦，60分钟）和腿部运动时（528瓦，60分钟）代谢率（M）随时间均保持不变。休息时平均皮肤温度（Tsk）在1小时内下降（P < 0.05），而腿部运动时Tsk不变。直肠温度（Tre）和食管温度（Tes）在休息时下降（P < 0.05）（ΔTre，-0.5摄氏度；ΔTes，-0.3摄氏度），在腿部运动时升高（P < 0.05）（ΔTre，0.4摄氏度；ΔTsk，0.4摄氏度）。与休息相比，腿部运动时M、Tsk、Tre和Tes更高（P < 0.05）。在凉爽水中，腿部运动时所有区域的热流量（腿部、胸部和手臂）通常比休息时更大（P < 0.05）。在冷水中，休息时M在1小时内升高（P < 0.05），但腿部运动时保持不变。直肠温度在休息时下降（P < 0.05）（ΔTre，-0.8摄氏度），但腿部运动时不变。食管温度在休息时下降（P < 0.05）（ΔTes，-0.4摄氏度），但在腿部运动时升高（P < 0.05）（ΔTes，0.2摄氏度）。在60分钟时，与休息相比，腿部运动时M、Tre和Tes更高（P < 0.05），而Tsk无差异。（摘要截断于250字）
