Miller B D, Wood B L
State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 May;36(5):669-77. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00018.
Research relating depression/hopelessness to cholinergic activation suggests the hypothesis that sad emotional states evoke patterns of autonomic reactivity that predispose to cholinergically mediated airway constriction in asthma. A corollary hypothesis is that positive (e.g., happy) emotional states evoke opposing effects. The purpose of the current study is to assess whether specific emotional states (sadness and happiness) can be reliably induced, physiologically differentiated, and related to asthma-relevant physiologic (autonomic) reactivity and pulmonary function in asthmatic children.
Twenty-four children, aged 8 to 17 years, with moderate to severe asthma, viewed the movie E.T., The Extra-Terrestrial while having their heart and respiration rate and oxygen saturation continuously recorded. Specific scenes were identified and preselected to evoke sadness, happiness, and a mixture of happiness and sadness. Self-report of emotion and indices of physiologic response were analyzed for these targeted scenes.
Sadness was associated with greater heart rate variability and instability of oxygen saturation compared with happiness, with mixed results for mixed happiness and sadness.
Results support sadness as evoking patterns of autonomic influence consistent with cholinergically mediated airway constriction. Happiness appears to effect autonomic patterns that would tend to relieve airway constriction.
有关抑郁/绝望与胆碱能激活之间关系的研究提出了这样一个假设，即悲伤情绪状态会引发自主神经反应模式，这种模式易导致哮喘患者出现胆碱能介导的气道收缩。一个相关假设是，积极（如快乐）情绪状态会产生相反的效果。本研究的目的是评估特定情绪状态（悲伤和快乐）是否能被可靠诱发、在生理上加以区分，并与哮喘儿童的哮喘相关生理（自主神经）反应及肺功能相关联。
24名年龄在8至17岁之间的中重度哮喘儿童观看电影《E.T. 外星人》，同时持续记录他们的心率、呼吸频率和血氧饱和度。确定并预先选择了特定场景以诱发悲伤、快乐以及快乐与悲伤的混合情绪。针对这些目标场景分析了情绪的自我报告和生理反应指标。
与快乐相比，悲伤与更大的心率变异性和血氧饱和度不稳定相关，快乐与悲伤混合的场景结果则较为复杂。
结果支持悲伤会引发与胆碱能介导的气道收缩相一致的自主神经影响模式这一观点。快乐似乎会产生倾向于缓解气道收缩的自主神经模式。
