Walker-Andrews A S
Department of Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1997 May;121(3):437-56. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.437.
The literature on infants' perception of facial and vocal expressions, combined with data from studies on infant-directed speech, mother-infant interaction, and social referencing, supports the view that infants come to recognize the affective expressions of others through a perceptual differentiation process. Recognition of affective expressions changes from a reliance on multimodally presented information to the recognition of vocal expressions and then of facial expressions alone. Face or voice properties become differentiated and discriminated from the whole, standing for the entire emotional expression. Initially, infants detect information that potentially carries the meaning of emotional expressions; only later do infants discriminate and then recognize those expressions. The author reviews data supporting this view and draws parallels between the perceptions of affective expressions and of speech.
关于婴儿对面部和声音表情的感知的文献，结合来自婴儿指向性言语、母婴互动和社会参照研究的数据，支持了这样一种观点，即婴儿通过感知分化过程来识别他人的情感表达。对情感表达的识别从依赖多模态呈现的信息转变为对声音表情的识别，然后是仅对面部表情的识别。面部或声音特征从整体中分化和区分出来，代表整个情感表达。最初，婴儿检测可能携带情感表达意义的信息；只有后来婴儿才会区分并进而识别那些表达。作者回顾了支持这一观点的数据，并在情感表达感知和言语感知之间进行了类比。
