Simoni P S, Paterson J J
School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 1997 May-Jun;13(3):178-85. doi: 10.1016/s8755-7223(97)80069-5.
Relationships among hardiness, coping approach, and burnout were studied in a sample of 440 nurses. Within each of the coping approaches used, subjects with greater hardiness reported less stress in the form of burnout than did those with less hardiness (F = 36.21, df = 1, P = .001). Subjects using direct-active coping (changing the stressor, confronting the stressor, finding positive aspects in the situation) had the lowest burnout scores, and those using direct-inactive coping (ignoring the stressor, avoiding the stressor, leaving the stressor) had the highest (t = 2.267, df = 437, P < .012). chi 2 analysis identified independence between hardiness and coping approach. Analysis of variance identified no interaction between hardiness and coping behavior categories for burnout; however, the lowest burnout scores were encountered among nurses with greater hardiness who used direct-active coping behaviors. These findings suggest that both hardiness and direct-active coping approaches can be used independently or in concert to reduce burnout. Rationale is provided for preparing practitioners to engage in problem-solving approaches, assertive interaction, and active and direct methods of conflict resolution.
在440名护士的样本中研究了心理韧性、应对方式和职业倦怠之间的关系。在每种所使用的应对方式中，心理韧性较强的受试者比心理韧性较弱的受试者表现出更少的以职业倦怠形式存在的压力（F = 36.21，自由度 = 1，P = .001）。使用直接 - 主动应对方式（改变应激源、面对应激源、在情境中找到积极方面）的受试者职业倦怠得分最低，而使用直接 - 消极应对方式（忽视应激源、回避应激源、离开应激源）的受试者得分最高（t = 2.267，自由度 = 437，P < .012）。卡方分析确定了心理韧性和应对方式之间的独立性。方差分析确定心理韧性和应对行为类别之间对于职业倦怠不存在交互作用；然而，在心理韧性较强且使用直接 - 主动应对行为的护士中职业倦怠得分最低。这些发现表明，心理韧性和直接 - 主动应对方式都可以单独使用或协同使用以减少职业倦怠。为使从业者准备好采用解决问题的方法、坚定的互动方式以及积极和直接的冲突解决方法提供了理论依据。
