Park D C, Hertzog C, Kidder D P, Morrell R W, Mayhorn C B
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Jun;12(2):314-27. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.314.
The magnitude of age differences on event- and time-based prospective memory tasks was investigated in 2 experiments. Participants performed a working memory task and were also required to perform either an event- or time-based prospective action. Control participants performed either the working memory task only or the prospective memory task only. Results yielded age differences on both prospective tasks. The age effect was particularly marked on the time-based task. Performance of the event-based prospective task, however, had a higher cost to performance on the concurrent working memory task than the time-based task did, suggesting that event-based responding has a substantial attentional requirement. The older adults also made a significant number of time-monitoring errors when time monitoring was their sole task. This suggests that some time-based prospective memory deficits in older adults are due to a fundamental deficit in time monitoring rather than to prospective memory.
在两项实验中，研究了基于事件和基于时间的前瞻性记忆任务中年龄差异的程度。参与者执行一项工作记忆任务，并且还被要求执行基于事件或基于时间的前瞻性行动。对照组参与者要么只执行工作记忆任务，要么只执行前瞻性记忆任务。结果显示在两项前瞻性任务上都存在年龄差异。年龄效应在基于时间的任务上尤为明显。然而，基于事件的前瞻性任务的执行对同时进行的工作记忆任务的表现造成的代价高于基于时间的任务，这表明基于事件的反应有大量的注意力需求。当时间监测是老年人的唯一任务时，他们也会犯大量的时间监测错误。这表明老年人中一些基于时间的前瞻性记忆缺陷是由于时间监测的根本缺陷，而非前瞻性记忆本身。
