Chadwick J K, Wilson H K, White M A
Health and Safety Laboratory, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Jun 20;199(1-2):115-24. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05487-9.
A cross-sectional study of 34 workers engaged in thermal spraying at six worksites was undertaken in order to determine levels of exposure to and uptake of metals during different metal spraying activities. Levels of exposure to cobalt, chromium and nickel were highest in plasma sprayers and, on occasions exceeded UK Occupational Exposure Limits. Exposure to metals during detonation gun and electric arc spraying was better controlled and levels remained below the relevant Occupational Exposure Limits throughout the study period. Urinary levels of cobalt and nickel mirrored the airborne concentrations and the highest urine concentrations were again found in plasma sprayers. Urinary chromium levels were highest in electric arc sprayers, which may also reflect an increased body burden in this group due to a longer history of exposure. The findings clearly indicate that exposure to and uptake of metals may exceed UK Occupational Limits or Standards when spraying is performed manually or semi-automatically and where control relies on local exhaust ventilation (LEV) and personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE).
为了确定不同金属喷涂活动期间的金属暴露水平和摄入量，对六个工作场所的34名从事热喷涂的工人进行了一项横断面研究。等离子喷涂工人的钴、铬和镍暴露水平最高，有时超过了英国职业暴露限值。爆燃枪喷涂和电弧喷涂期间的金属暴露得到了更好的控制，在整个研究期间，暴露水平均保持在相关职业暴露限值以下。尿钴和镍水平反映了空气中的浓度，血浆喷涂工人的尿浓度再次最高。电弧喷涂工人的尿铬水平最高，这也可能反映出该组由于接触时间较长，身体负担增加。研究结果清楚地表明，当进行手动或半自动喷涂且控制依赖于局部排气通风（LEV）和个人呼吸防护设备（RPE）时，金属暴露和摄入量可能超过英国职业限值或标准。
