Kettelarij Jolinde, Nilsson Sara, Midander Klara, Lidén Carola, Julander Anneli
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Dec;75(6):370-376. doi: 10.1111/cod.12681. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
It is not fully understood where and how people are exposed to sensitizing metals. Much can be learnt from studying occupational settings where metals are handled.
To quantify cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) exposure on the skin and in the air, and urine levels, in dental technicians working with tools and alloys that may result in skin and respiratory exposure.
The metal skin dose was quantified with acid wipe sampling in dental technicians (n = 13). Air exposure was monitored by personal air sampling. Spot urine samples were collected for 24 h. Metals were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Before work, Co was detected on the skin of 10 participants (0.00025-0.0039 µg/cm ), and Cr (0.00051-0.011 µg/cm ) and Ni (0.0062-0.15 µg/cm ) on the skin of all participants. After a 2-h period without hand washing, CoCr-exposed participants had more Co on the skin (p = 0.004) than non-CoCr-exposed participants. Co was found in 10 air samples (0.22-155 µg/m ), Cr in nine (0.43-71 µg/m ), and Ni in four (0.48-3.7 µg/m ). Metal urine concentrations were considered to be normal.
Dental technicians were exposed to Co, Cr and Ni on the skin and through the air, which was not reflected in the urine concentrations in this study. Cobalt skin doses may potentially elicit allergic contact dermatitis and cause sensitization.
人们在何处以及如何接触致敏金属尚未完全明确。通过研究处理金属的职业环境可了解到很多情况。
对使用可能导致皮肤和呼吸道暴露的工具及合金的牙科技师的皮肤、空气中的钴（Co）、铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）暴露量以及尿液水平进行量化。
对13名牙科技师采用酸擦拭采样法量化皮肤金属剂量。通过个人空气采样监测空气暴露情况。收集24小时的随机尿样。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析金属。
工作前，10名参与者的皮肤检测到Co（0.00025 - 0.0039μg/cm²），所有参与者的皮肤均检测到Cr（0.00051 - 0.011μg/cm²）和Ni（0.0062 - 0.15μg/cm²）。在未洗手的2小时后，接触CoCr的参与者皮肤的Co含量高于未接触CoCr的参与者（p = 0.004）。10个空气样本中检测到Co（0.22 - 155μg/m³），9个样本中检测到Cr（0.43 - 71μg/m³），4个样本中检测到Ni（0.48 - 3.7μg/m³）。尿中金属浓度被认为正常。
牙科技师通过皮肤和空气接触Co、Cr和Ni，本研究中尿液浓度未反映出这种情况。皮肤钴剂量可能会引发过敏性接触性皮炎并导致致敏。
